A. Fix CO2 twice in their cycle
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What type of molecules are antigens?
Based on the objective you should feel comfortable calculating expected genotype frequencies when given observed allele frequencies. You should also be able to compare expected genotype frequencies from HWE to observed frequencies and determine if evolution is occurring.Here's a sample problem. You can do this without a calculator!Let's take the noob gene, a gene with two known alleles that determines feather color in the eastern lark. The two alleles, let's call them delta and gamma, can be sequenced. In fact, looking at a population in southern GA, you discover that 60% of the alleles in the population are the delta allele.1. What is the percentage of the gamma allele in the population?2. Even more interesting, based on HWE what is the expected frequency of the population that is homozygous gamma? 3. Now, after surveying an isolated population of eastern larks, you find that 20% of the population is homozygous gama (gamma gamma), 65% heterozygous (gamma delta) and 10% homozygous delta (delta delta) and 5% of the population is a previously undescribed genotype - zeta zeta (homozygous zeta). What can you conclude about evolution in the population and why? If evolution is occurring, which mechanism(s) would be responsible?
Answer and Explanation:
60% of the alleles in the population are the delta allele
1. What is the percentage of the gamma allele in the population?
According to Hardy-Weinberg, the allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (Homozygous dominant), 2pq (Heterozygous), q² (Homozygous recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation. The sum of these allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
p the dominant allelic frequency, q the recessive allelic frequency, p²the homozygous dominant genotypic frequency q² the homozygous recessive genotypic frequency 2pq the heterozygous genotypic frequencyAccording to the sum of the allelic frequencies
p + q = 1
1 equals 100%
100% ------ 1
60%------0.6
40%------0.4
The percentage of gamma allele in the population is 40%.
2. what is the expected frequency of the population that is homozygous gamma?
The genotypic frequencies, F, after one generation are p² (Homozygous dominant), 2pq (Heterozygous), q² (Homozygous recessive).
F(gamma)= p²= 0.4²=0.16 =16%
F(delta)= q²= 0.6²=0.36 = 36%
F (gamma-delta) = 2xp2q= 2 x 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.48 = 48%
3. 20% of the population is homozygous gama (gamma gamma), 65% heterozygous (gamma delta) and 10% homozygous delta (delta delta) and 5% of the population is a previously undescribed genotype - zeta zeta (homozygous zeta). What can you conclude about evolution in the population and why? If evolution is occurring, which mechanism(s) would be responsible?
20% gamma-gamma
10% delta-delta
65% gamma-delta
5% zeta-zeta
This population has different genotypic frequencies with respect to the population in southern GA:
The gamma genotypic frequency is a little bit higher in the isolated population (16% vs 20%)
The delta genotypic frequency is considerably lower in the isolated population (36% vs 10%)
The heterozygotic genotypic frequency is also higher in the isolated population (18% vs 64%)
It appeared a new phenotype in the isolated population, probably due to a mutation in one of the genes. We can assume that this is a new mutation because its frequency is still low (5%).
Maybe, the mutation occurred in an individual of the isolated population, and with time, this mutation increased its frequency, up to a point of being phenotypically visible. This could be a case of a bottleneck example.
The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift, where a few organisms of one population settles down in a new area carrying the genes of the original population.
Genetic drift is the random change in the allelic frequency in a population, from one generation to the other. The magnitude of this change is inversely related to the size of the original population. These changes produced by genetic drift accumulate in time, and eventually, some alleles get lost, while some other might get set.
Founder effect refers to the consequences that occur from the origin of a new population that derives from a small number of founder individuals that come from an ancestral bigger population. This small group shows poor genetic variation and a high possibility of expressing a peculiar allelic composition. Some mutation might occur and it can accumulate in time.
State three economic importance of mucor
Answer:
Mucor velutinosus and Mucor ellisoideus both infect humans. Mucor indicus is a mold that is actually economically valuable. It's used to produce ethanol, and has a large array of sugars it can use as a food source. Mucor indicus is also used as fish feed and may be a valuable tool to clean up oil spills.
hope it helps : D
Explanation:
The three economic importance of mucor are:
Production of industrial enzymesProduction of organic acidsBioremediationMucor species are used to produce a variety of industrial enzymes, including amylases, proteases, and lipases. These enzymes are used in a wide range of industries, including the food, beverage, and textile industries. Mucor species are also used to produce organic acids, such as citric acid, gluconic acid, and fumaric acid.
These acids are used in a variety of products, including soft drinks, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Mucor species can be used to bioremediate contaminated soil and water. They can degrade a variety of pollutants, including petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals.
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After a polypeptide chain has been synthesized, certain amino acids in the peptide may become modified. For each modified amino acid, identify the standard amino acid from which it is derived. Enter the unabbreviated name of the standard amino acid.
Answer:
Lysine
Explanation:
Lysine is a unabbreviated name of amino acid. It is used in biosynthesis of proteins. It contains [tex]\alpha[/tex]-amino group and [tex]\alpha[/tex]-carboxylic acid group which has formula is C6H14N2O2. Lysine is also considered as building block of amino acid. It is used for treating cold sores and can be applied directly to the skin.
Why are fats considered as high energy compounds?
What is the function of mRNA?
What is the general formula for amino acids?
Answer:
1. Fats contain mostly C-H bonds, it has less oxygen therefore making it a high energy compound
2. mRNA plays a vital role in protein synthesis. It's a single stranded RNA molecule that contains genetic information that can be taken outside the nucleus (unlike DNA which cannot leave the nucleus). Its created during transcrption, and is used during translation to create proteins
3. (Look at image)
1. The organic molecules that contain esters of fatty acids and a mixture of compounds are called fats. They provide energy to the body for functioning. They provide slow energy but the most efficient energy.
The amount of calories supplied by fats is twice as compared to carbohydrates and proteins. The excess of fats is stored in the body for future purposes.
2. mRNA is a type of RNA and plays a vital role in the process of translation. It is a single-stranded molecule that contains genetic information transcripted from DNA and is transported out from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
The main function of mRNA is in protein synthesis. It helps in the formation of amino acid sequence that undergoes modification to form proteins.
3. The general formula of amino acid is [tex]\rm R-CH(NH_{2})-COOH[/tex].
The side chains of different amino acids vary accordingly. The structure consists of a carboxylic group along with an amino group and an organic side chain.
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Respiration is a process where many chemical bonds inside the body break and release energy. This energy is used to perform various activities
such as moving muscles. Explain the energy transformation in this process.
ОА
Chemical energy from broken bonds is transformed into mechanical energy for muscles.
ОВ.
Mechanical energy from broken bonds is transformed into chemical energy for muscles.
OC. Mechanical energy from broken bonds is transformed into electrical energy for muscles.
OD Heat energy from broken bonds is transformed into electrical energy for muscles.
Reset
Next
Answer:
OA
Explanation:
Chemical energy refers to the energy that is released with reactions involving chemicals. Cellular respiration takes glucose(a five carbon sugar) and breaks it down using glycolysis, then makes ATP(adenisine-triphosphate)(an essential chemical to the energy of life) using the krebs cycle and the electron transport train. This is all to get a surplus ATP, which is a useable CHEMICAL ENERGY source. This energy can be diverted to any system in the body, including the muscular system. Then, the muscles are used MECHANICALLY(look at the types of muscle levers in anatomy) to acheive work, thanks to the CHEMICAL ENERGY produced in cellular respiration. Thus, the answer in OA.
What does lung hyperinflation stimulate (write on both lines)
Answer:
What does lung hyperinflation stimulate? ... Dust, smoke, and noxious fumes will stimulate receptors in airways.
Explanation:
please mark me as brainliest i hope this helped you... : D
Calculate the efficiency of glycolysis if 12 kcal of energy are required to transfer energy from glucose to ATP.
Explain please
Answer:
The ATP has a full meaning . If you get to know the full meaning you will understand it
Sensory information from proprioceptors about joint and muscle positions are carried to the brain by the: Sensory information from proprioceptors about joint and muscle positions are carried to the brain by the: anterolateral system (spinothalamic tracts). vestibulospinal tract. reticulospinal tract. spinocerebellar tracts.
Answer:
Spinocerebellar tracts.
Explanation:
Spinocerebellar tracts are afferent neurons that transmit proprioceptive information from the peripheral nervous system ( muscles and joints propricetors) to the cerebellum. It originated from the spinal cord and end at the cerebellum. It carry unconscious proprioceptive sensory information from the muscles, organs to the cerebellum.
Which describes a eukaryotic cell, but not a prokaryotic cell? a. uses DNA to control cell activities b. is surrounded by a cell membrane c. makes and uses proteins d. contains DNA in a nucleus
Answer: Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and have a “true” nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped chromosomes. The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes.
So..the answer should be D. Eukaryotic cells have a true membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotes do not
All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles.
So..it can't be C. or A. or even B.
Correct me if I'm wrong.
Building large manufacturing facilities can affect
ecosystems by increasing the
Answer:demand for resources such as fossil fuels
Explanation:
Building large manufacturing facilities can affect ecosystems by increasing the demand for resources such as fossil fuels.
Thus, The breakdown of buried, carbon-based organisms that perished millions of years ago produces fossil fuels. They produce deposits rich in carbon, which are taken out and burned to provide energy.
They presently provide about 80% of the world's energy and are non-renewable. A vast array of items, including plastic and steel, are also produced using them. Coal, oil, and gas are the three forms of fossil fuels.
Global warming is mostly caused by emissions from fossil fuels, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 89% of the world's CO2 emissions in 2018 came from industry and fossil fuels.
Thus, Building large manufacturing facilities can affect ecosystems by increasing the demand for resources such as fossil fuels.
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Explain the link between climate change and globalization.
Answer:
La globalización hace más vulnerable la economía al cambio climático. La susceptibilidad de la red económica global al estrés por calor de los trabajadores se ha duplicado en la última década, según concluye un nuevo estudio publicado en la revista 'Science Avances'
Explanation:
The antibiotics tetracycline and erythromycin inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, but have no effect on proteins encoded by eukaryotic, nuclear genes. Conversely, the antibiotic cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis of nuclear genes, but has no effect on protein synthesis in bacteria.
Select the statement that best describes the effect of a particular antibiotic on protein synthesis.
a. It cannot be determined because two of these antibiotics affect bacteria, and cells with mitochondria are eukaryotic.
b. Tetracycline treatment would inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis, but not protein synthesis of nuclear genes.
c. Erythromycin treatment would inhibit protein synthesis from nuclear genes, but not from mitochondrial genes.
d. Cycloheximide treatment would inhibit expression of mitochondrial genes, but not expression of nuclear genes.
e. Tetracycline treatment would inhibit translation of nuclear genes, but not translation of mitochondrial genes.
Answer:
I think it might be A
what is the job of the stomach, large intenstine, small intestine 60 points!!
Answer:
Stomach - The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes.
Large Intestine - The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, and produces and absorbs vitamins. It forms and propells feces toward the rectum for elimination.
Small Intestine - The small intestine breaks down food coming from the stomach and absorbs the nutrients from the food.
Please help me!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
A. making new molecules for growth
Explanation:
Vhat do scientists need to look at before developing an argument?
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
Their opinion and personal views.
The arguments of famous people on the topic.
The arguments that make the most sense for society.
Answer:
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
Explanation:
Making an argument and discussion over the scientific arguments are considered important to the scientific method.
The argument should be made in a way that it should check the validity of the hypothesis. The scientist who has to make an argument should consider various steps of scientific method like hypothesis which should predict the explanation of the natural phenomenon.
The person should consider the validity of the data whether it supports the hypothesis or not and observation of the experiment.
Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
edge 2020
You have decided to examine the dynamic properties of a flagellum. After having isolated flagella from sea urchin sperms, you placed them into an aqueous buffer with a pH of 7.0. Very rapidly, however, you observed that the movement of the isolated flagella stopped. Which hypothesis are you likely to propose to explain that result?
Answer:
Osmosis
Explanation:
In this case, osmosis has occurred, and that is why the movement of the flagellum stops.
It should be understood that osmosis is the movement of substances from the region of lower concentration to the region of lower concentration through a semi- permeable membrane.
Your mother points out to you a magazine article that says better nutrition is the reason modern Americans are taller than Americans of two centuries ago. What is a valid statement that would contradict this?
Answer:
This is true, because the advent of genetic engineering and different nutritional researches have greatly enhanced the Nutritional values in foods, with resultant increases in the growth and development of cells and tissues from increase growth hormones metabolism. However, reduction in the outbreak of disease, due to advancement in medical research and drug manufacturing are another factors which may contribute to this
Explanation:
Where do sperm mature?
O A. Epididymis
O B. Urethra
O c. Seminiferous tubules
O D. Vas deferens
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Sperm migrate from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis.
According to the calendar, it has been about 14 days since the beginning of the last lunar
cycle. Usually, the moon is bright white, but today a dark red moon hangs in the night sky.
What are you witnessing?
A. a northern light
B. a solar eclipse
C. a lunar perihelion
D. a lunar eclipse
Interplanetary material that enters the earths atmosphere and collides with the ground rather than burning up is called
Explanation:Meteorito o meteoro
Which of these conditions doesn’t not contribute to the weathering of rock on earth’s surface
Answer:
The correct answer is
C. Constant high pressure
Explanation:
Constant high pressure is not a factor that causes weathering on the earth surface.
Temperature, air and water affects how a rock changes through time. They have the capacity to cause physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rocks.
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Pigment of chicken feathers is regulated by two genes, the gene for feather pigment C, and a gene that inhibits pigment production, I. A mother chicken, who is heterozygous for gene C, and heterozygous for gene I, is crossed with a father chicken, who is homozygous recessive for the pigment gene, and heterozygous for gene.
1) What are the potential haplotypes of the gametes produced by the mother for these two genes?
2) What are the potential haplotypes of the gametes produced by the father for these two gametes?
3) What is the probability of one of the offspring of these two chickens having pigmented feathers?
4) In a population of 100 chickens, produced from the same parents, how many chickens would you expect to have white feathers?
Answer:
(1) CI Ci cI ci
(2) CI Ci
(3) 25
(4) 75
Explanation:
Mother is in this case is heterozygous for C & I, genotype of mother would be : CcIi
Father is on other hand is homozygous for C (dominant) and heterozygous for I, genotype : CCIi
1. Gametes produced by the mother will be:
CI Ci cI ci by the combinantion of C, I, c, and i alelles present in mothers genotype.
2. Gametes produced by the father :
CI Ci by the combinantion of alleles present i genotype of father CCIi
3. probability of one of the offspring of these two chickens having pigmented feathers:
2/8 × 100 = 25% ( punnet is attached)
4. chicken with white feather in population of 100 chickens:
probability of being white × 100
probability of being white : 1 - 2/8
thus, (1-2/8) × 100 = 6/8 × 100
= 75%
Viruses reproduce by .
the virus attaches itself to the host cell and inserts it's genetic material into it. then the host cell spreads the viruses genetic material which will result in spreading the virus.
a particular gene can have two forms, called alleles. which statement best describes the difference between the dominant allele and the recessive allele?
(a)only the recessive allele is expressed when both alleles ate inherited.
(b)the recessive allele can be expressed only if it moves to a different chromosome.
(c)only the dominant allele is expressed when both alleles are inherited.
(d)the dominant allele can be expressed only if two homologous chromosomes have it.
Answer:
The answer is D I'm pretty sure
List the functions of kinases and cyclins, and describe how they interact to cause cells to move through the cell cycle. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
The provided question is incomplete as drag and drop box or required image is not available, however, the correct image of drag drop box is attached with the answer:
Answer:
Kinases are catalysts or enzyme that regulates the organic action of proteins by adding phosphate groups and cause the conformation change to a dormant to a functioning type of the protein.
Cyclins bind to CDK or cyclin dependent kinases to regulate by switching on and off the progression of the cell through cell cycle. At the G2 mitosis border , a CDK 1 combines with another cyclin ( B) , phosphorylation (adding of phosphate group) occurs bringing about a series of changes in the nuclear membrane via cytoskeleton, caldesmon and histone H1. CDK 4 binds to cyclin D , moving cells from G1 to S.
Consider an experiment where you digest a DNA molecule with restriction enzyme BclI. You resolve the products of the digest by gel electrophoresis. Then, you cut out each of the resulting two bands from the gel and sequence the DNA. The sequencing results return two DNA segments.
Segment 1
5′ CCGCGGT 3′
3′ GGCGCCACTAG 5′
Segment 2
5′ GATCAGGATCC 3′
3′ TCCTAGG 5′
1. What is the sequence of the BclI recognition site?
2. What type of ends do the products have?
Answer:
This BclI restriction enzyme recognizes and cut at T / CTAG nucleotide sequences.
Explanation:
5′ CCGCGGT 3′
3′ GGCGCCACTAG 5′
Segment 2
5′ GATCAGGATCC 3′
3′ TCCTAGG 5′
The BclI enzyme generates sticky ends, it means that the enzyme recognises and cuts nucleotide sequences without complementary bases, which also have weak hydrogen bonds. The sticky ends are then generated when an enzyme produces unpaired nucleotide ends. Nonetheless, restriction enzymes generally produce blunt ends, i.e., both strands cut at the same site.
Arrange the followings so that they accurately display the anatomical terms from bottom to top in order of the deepest to most superficial.
a. hair shaft
b. hair bulb
c. dermal papilla
d. hair root
e. hair matrix
Answer:
The correct arrangement from starting with the one at the bottom and/or deepest to the most obvious to the eye is:
E) Hair Matrix (Deepest)
C) Dermal Papilla
B) Hair Bulb
D) Hair Root
A) Hair Shaft (Most superficial)
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Should certain vaccines be required?
Explain your answer to the question above.
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Vaccines, are dangerous but also very helpful. Most vaccines we have now help prevent the original disease they are designed with. Such as Polio.
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which feature of a membrane describes wether molecules can cross the membrane
Answer:
Permeability
Explanation:
Membranes are semi-permeable that only certain things can come cross on its own. This feature of permeability describes whether molecules can cross the membrane