The atomic theory have been developed over the years by the works of many scientists.
What is the atomic theory?The atomic theory is the series of postulations that sought to explain the behavior of the atom. The study of the atom started as far back as the time of Democritus and Aristotle.
The first empirical study of the nature of the atom started with the work of John Dalton when he proposed the famous Dalton's theory. Further empirical work was carried out by J.J Thompson which gave rise to the plum pudding model of the atoms.
The work of Ernest Rutherford introduced the planetary model of the atom which was latter replaced by the Bohr model based on energy levels. Today, the work of Erwin Schrödinger has led us to the appreciation of the wave mechanical model of the atoms which is the mot accepted model for the atom today.
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Question 7 of 14
How much energy is released if a sample loses 0.001 kg mass through
radioactive decay?
OA. 3× 102 J
B. 9 × 10¹3 J
O C. 3 × 105 J
OD. 9×1019 J
Answer:
as we know that E= mc²
E= .oo1×(3×10⁸)²
E= .001×9×10¹⁶
we can right .001 =1×10‐³
E=1×10-³×9×10¹⁶
E=9×10¹³
ans is B 9×10¹³
9×10¹³J is the energy that is released if a sample loses 0.001 kg mass through radioactive decay. Therefore, the correct option is option B.
What is energy?Energy, which is observable in the execution of labor as well as in the form of light and heat, is the quantitative quality that's also transferred to something like a body or to any physical system in physics. Energy can be transformed in form but cannot be created or destroyed, according to the rule of conservation of energy. The joule is the SI's (International System of Units) unit of measurement of energy (J).
A moving object's kinetic energy, an object's potential energy, an object's elastic energy, chemical energy linked to chemical reactions, electromagnetic radiation's radiant energy, and the internal energy of a thermodynamic system are examples of common kinds of energy.
E= mc²
E=0 .001×(3×10⁸)²
E=0.001×9×10¹⁶
E=9×10¹³J
Therefore, the correct option is option B.
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What do sound waves and infrared waves have in common, and what makes them different?
Both carry energy through space, but sound waves are mechanical and infrared waves are electromagnetic.
Both can transfer energy through matter, but sound waves travel through air and infrared waves travel through space.
Both can transfer energy through matter, but sound waves can be heard and infrared waves can be seen.
Both carry energy through space, but sound waves require matter to pass through and infrared waves do not.
Wave X and Wave Y are mechanical waves, and Wave Z is an electromagnetic wave.
Wave X and Wave Y are electromagnetic waves, and Wave Z is a mechanical wave.
Wave X and Wave Z are electromagnetic waves, and Wave Y is a mechanical wave.
Wave X and Wave Z are mechanical waves, and Wave Y is an electromagnetic wave.
The statement that describes the similarity and difference between sound and infrared waves is as follows: both carry energy through space, but sound waves are mechanical and infrared waves are electromagnetic (option A).
What are sound waves?Sound waves are the longitudinal waves of pressure that is transmitted through any plastic material i.e. audible sound.
Also, infrared waves are electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700nm and 1mm.
Both sound and infrared waves carry energy, however, the difference between both waves is that sound waves are mechanical and infrared waves are electromagnetic.
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__________________________ which is a sickness caused by ingesting harmful bacteria, and can be prevented by cooking meat and eggs at a proper temperature.
Food poisoning
decomposition
influenza
Strep throat
Use the atomic mass of indium to calculate the relative abundance of indium-113.
The relative abundance of indium-113 is 4%.
The isotopes are species of the same element having the same atomic number but a different mass number.
The elements occurring in nature exist as multiple isotopes.
When we take into account the existence of these isotopes and their relative abundance (percent), the average atomic mass of that element can be computed, which is given by the following formula,
Average atomic Mass= (%age of isotope 1) x (Mass of isotope 1) + (%age of isotope 2) x (Mass of isotope 2)/100
Indium exists in the form of Indium-113 and Indium-115.
The mass of Indium-113 is 112.90 u.
The mass of Indium-115 is 114.90 u.
The average atomic mass of Indium is 114.82 u.
Let the %age of isotope 1(Indium-113) be X.
Then, the %age of isotope 2(Indium-115) would be 100-X.
Applying the values in the formula,
Average atomic mass = 112.90X+114.90(100-X)
114.82 = 112.90X+114.90(100-X)
On solving the above equation, the value of X comes out to be 4%.
Thus, the relative abundance/%age abundance of Indium-113 is 4%.
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8. The number of
10.
9. The electric charge on an atom is neutral because the number of protons is the same as
the number of
and each of their individual charges cancel out.
are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
number.
11. What does it mean when a nucleus is "stable?"
13. What is alpha decay?
is different for each element and is known as the
12. If a nucleus is unstable and breaks apart, it is called
14. What is beta decay?
15. What is gamma decay?
Answer:
12.6
Explanation:
15) 1 The formula of methane is CH4 and the formula of ethane is C₂H6.
Which row describes diffusion and the relative rates of diffusion of methane and ethane?
The relative rate of diffusion is faster of methane than methane and particles move from high concentration to low concentration.
Diffusion is the spreading of particle from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move in the presence of a concentration gradient. All living things go through this crucial phase. The movement of chemicals into and out of cells is aided by diffusion.
The molecular weight of methane is lower than the molecular weight of ethane so lower the molecular weight easier will be its diffusion. So, methane will diffuse more easily than ethane.
So, According to the question, row B describes diffusion and the relative rates of diffusion of methane and ethane.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the missing image below.
Which compound is composed of calcium and chlorine?
Answer:
CaCl2, because calcium loses two electrons and chlorine gains one electron.
Explanation:
An epicenter station is4,000 km away. How long after the the first wave did the first wave arrive?
The first wave appear after 320 seconds and after the arrival of P wave
We can use the formula TD = d × t / 100 km
TD = d × t / 100 km
= ( 4000 km × 8 s ) / 100 km
= 32000 km /s / 100 km
= 320 seconds
The first s-wave will arrived in 320 seconds after the arrival of the first p-wave
The earliest waves to reach a seismograph are known as P waves, or primary waves. The fastest seismic waves, known as P waves, can pass through solid, liquid, or gas. On the medium they travel through, they leave a trail of compressions and rarefactions
The second waves to arrive during an earthquake are called S waves, or secondary waves. They can only pass through solids and are substantially slower than P waves
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water molecules are made of hydrogen atom(s) and oxygen atom(s). (use only one number per blank.) quiozlet
Water molecules are made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom. H2O.
Two hydrogen atoms bound together by covalent bonds to one oxygen atom make up a water molecule. The shared electrons in covalent bonds are drawn to oxygen atoms because they are electronegative.Polar covalent bonds are present. Due to the extra electron sharing, oxygen atoms have a tiny negative charge, whereas hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge (from the extra un-neutralized protons).The minor negative charges on the oxygen atoms of other water molecules are drawn to the slight positive charges on the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. This bond is called hydrogen bond which is weak bond. A liquid state of water is due to these small, weak hydrogen bonds.It can be concluded that hydrogen atom have 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom which are bounded together by covalent bond.
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Which of the following are used to make
predictions?
hypotheses
laws
theories
Answer:A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested by further investigation. A theory is a well-supported explanation of observations. A scientific law is a statement that summarizes the relationship between variables. An experiment is a controlled method of testing a hypothesis.
Explanation:
when a 12.7 g chunk of zinc dissolves in 500. ml of 1.450 m hcl, what is the concentration of hydrogen ions remaining in the final solution? (asume the volume does not change during the reaction)
Concentration of hydrogen ions remaining in the final solution is [tex].673 M[/tex]
In original solution we have 1.450M of HCl
1.450 M means 1.450 moles of HCl in 1 liter of water
Therefore, number of moles of HCl in 500ml of water will be
= [tex]1.450*0.5[/tex] moles
= 0.725 moles of HCl
Reaction between HCl and Zn happens when zinc is added -
[tex]Zn(s) + 2HCl[/tex] → [tex]ZnCl_{2} + H_{2}[/tex]
Therefore two moles of HCl is needed for 1 mole of zinc
Thus number of moles of HCl needed to react with 12.7g of Zinc will be
= [tex](12.7/ 65.38 moles of Zn )* (2moles of HCl/mole of Zn)[/tex]
= .388 Moles
So moles of HCl left = [tex]0.725 - .3888[/tex]
= 0.3365 moles
In 1 Mole of HCl there is 1 mole of H because
[tex]HCl[/tex] → [tex]H^{+} + Cl^{-}[/tex]
Therefore in 0.3365 mole HCl there will be 0.3365 moles of H
Thus final concentration of H ions in final solution is =
= [tex]0.3365mole/0.5 L[/tex]
= 0.673M
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(c) A sample of rust had the following composition:
51.85g of iron
22.22g of oxygen
16.67 g of water.
Calculate the following and then write the formula for this sample of rust.
number of moles of iron atoms, Fe =
number of moles of oxygen atoms, O =
number of moles of water molecules, H₂O =
simplest mole ratio Fe: O: H₂O is ........
formula for this sample of rust is
.......:
Rust is a flaky reddish brown layer that forms on metal. Rust is a Hydrated Iron (III) Oxide with the chemical formula Fe₂O₃ + H₂O.
Now, as per the question:
Mass of Iron = 51.85g
Mass of Oxygen = 22.22g
Mass of Water = 16.67g
Therefore,
Moles of Iron, Fe = [tex]\frac{ 51.85}{ 55.84}[/tex] mol
Moles of Oxygen, O = [tex]\frac{22.22}{15.99 }[/tex] mol
Moles of Water, H₂O = [tex]\frac{16.67}{18.01}[/tex] mol
Simplest mole ratio:
Fe: O: H₂O :: [tex]\frac{ 51.85}{ 55.84}[/tex] : [tex]\frac{22.22}{15.99 }[/tex] : [tex]\frac{16.67}{18.01}[/tex]
Fe: O: H₂O :: 0.92 : 1.38 : 0.92
Thus, the simplest mole ratio of Fe: O: H₂O is 0.92 : 1.38 : 0.92.
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Joshua is preparing a report to show the relationship between average kinetic energy and temperature. Is his graph accurate? Explain your answer
Yes his graph is accurate.
Average kinetic energy- The kinetic energy of each particle in a sample of matter varies with temperature. Instead, a wide range of kinetic energies are visible in the particles. The majority of the particle's kinetic energies fall somewhere in the middle of the range. However, a few particles have kinetic energies that are significantly lower or greater than the norm.
The average kinetic energy of a sample of matter reduces as it continues to cool. One would anticipate that the particles will eventually come to a complete stop. The temperature at which particles should theoretically stop moving is absolute zero. Temperatures on the order of 1 x 10∧ -10 K have been reached in the lab, but absolute zero has never been. Since the Kelvin temperature scale is based on molecular motion, absolute zero is often referred to as 0K. The average kinetic energy of a substance's particles directly relates to the substance's Kelvin temperature. For instance, the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of hydrogen gas at 200K is twice that of the particles in the same sample at 100K.
Relation between Average kinetic energy and temperature-
The relationship between a substance's temperature and its average particle kinetic energy is direct. These particles' constant mass means they must move more swiftly as the temperature rises.
KE ∝ T
Hence, the graph is accurate.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the missing image below.
propane (c3h8) is burned with air. for each case, obtain the balanced reaction equation for complete combustion a. with the theoretical amount of air. b. with 20% excess air. c. with 20% excess air, but only 90% of the propane being con- sumed in the reaction.
Combustion of propane is the exothermic reaction
Combustion reactions are reactions in which a substance reacts with an excess of air or oxygen to form products. the combustion of hydrocarbons in the presence of stoichiometric or excess levels of oxygen forms carbon dioxide and water and with the release of heat the molecular formula of propane is C₃H₈. one mole of propane needs five moles of oxygen for complete oxidation to form carbon dioxide and water.
The balanced equation for combustion of propane is:
C₃H₈(g) + 5O₂(g)→3CO₂(g)+4H₂O(g)
The products are 3 moles of CO₂ and 4 moles of H₂O for every mole of the alkane burnt completely. propane combust completely
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At constant temperature, the behavior of a sample of a real gas more closely approximates that of an ideal gas as its volume is increased because the.
At constant temperature, the behavior of a sample of a real gas more closely approximates that of an ideal gas as its volume is increased because the (D) Average distance between molecules becomes greater.
An ideal gas is:
1) made up of molecules which are in constant random motion in straight lines.
2) all collisions are perfectly elastic, there is no loss of kinetic energy during the collision.
3) follows ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T.
4) the gas particles have negligible volume.
At low temperatures, volume of the gas is not negligible.
Real gases may be expected to deviate from Charles's law at high pressures.
Real gases may be expected to deviate from Charles's law near the liquefaction temperature.
Missing options:
(A) Collisions with the walls of the container become less frequent
(B) Average molecular speed decreases
(C) Molecules have expanded
(D) Average distance between molecules becomes greater
(E) Average molecular kinetic energy decreases
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Using the dimensional Analysis
In the Above questions to convert 14,612 mL to DAL which of the following portrays to correct set up
Option A displays the accurate dimensional analysis for converting 14,612 mL to daL.
Determining the value of measurement across many units is crucial in many situations.This means that we must convert from one unit to another. The application of a conversion factor enables such a conversion.Now that we are aware of a conversion factor, we can utilize it to change mL into daL. In order for the units to cancel out, this conversion factor needs to be dimensionally precise in its arrangement.Option A displays the accurate dimensional analysis for converting 14,612 mL to daL.Learn more about unit conversion at:
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Gold can be hammered into extremely thin sheets called gold leaf. An architect wants to cover a 100 ft x 28 ft ceiling with gold leaf that is five-millionths of an inch thick. The density of gold is 19.32 g/cm^3, and gold costs $1654 per troy ounce ( 1 troy ounce =31.1035 g). How much will it cost the architect to buy the necessary gold?
Based on the calculations, it would cost the architect $33,940.08 to buy the necessary gold.
What is density?Density can be defined as a ratio of mass to the volume of an object such as a baseball. Mathematically, the density of a baseball can be calculated by using this formula:
Density = M/V
Where:
M represents the mass of a physical object.V represents the volume of a physical object.How to determine the cost of gold needed?First of all, we would determine the volume of gold that is required in cubic centimeters as follows:
Conversion factor:
12 inches = 1 foot
Volume = 100 × 12 × 28 × 12 × 5 × 10⁻⁶
Volume = 2.016 in³
In cubic centimeters, we have:
Volume = 2.016 × 2.54³
Volume = 33.04 cubic centimeters.
Next, we would determine the mass of gold required:
Mass = Density × Volume
Mass = 19.32 × 33.04
Mass = 638.33 grams.
Converting the mass in grams to troy ounces, we have:
Mass = 638.33/31.1035
Mass = 20.52 troy ounce
Now, we can determine the total cost of gold needed:
Total cost of gold = 20.52 × $1654
Total cost of gold = $33,940.08.
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34. Which of the following substances is most likely to exist in the liquid state at room temperature?
A) butane
B) 2-methylpropane
C) cyclobutane
D) propanal
E) ethane
The most likely organic compound to exist in the liquid state at room temperature is Propanal; option D
What are organic compounds?Organic compounds are the compound which are obtained from organic materials such as plants ad animals,
Organic compounds can also be obtained from the remains of dead plants and animals.
Generally, organic compounds are composed of the following elements:
Carbon, Oxygen, hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
Organic compound include hydrocarbons which usually exist as gasses.
However, with increase in molecular weight as well as presence of other intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds, organic compounds can exists as solids and liquids.
Considering the give compounds, Propanal will most likely exist as liquid because of the presence of hydrogen bonding in the molecules.
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difference between carbonic acid and Sulphuric acid
Answer:
Because HSO4- has sulfur, which has a greater electronegativity than carbon, the anion is more stable (Due to electron delocalization) and thus its acid is stronger.
Explanation:
Sulfuric acid is very reactive and dissolves most metals, it is a concentrated acid that oxidizes, dehydrates, or sulfonates most organic compounds, often causes charring.
Sulphuric acid is produced from sulphur. Sulphur dioxide is first obtained by the burning of the molten sulphur in presence of air.
what would be the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 250.0 ml of 0.400m sulfuric acid with 1000 ml of water?
The final concentration of sulfuric acid in terms of molarity is 0.08 M.
The molarity of a solution expresses the concentration in terms of the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Since the volume of the solution increased, the molarity of the solution will change.
First, let us solve for the number of moles of sulfuric acid based on the initial concentration and volume. Volume must be converted to L in order for the units to have consistency.
number of moles = molarity*volume
number of moles = 0.40 M * 250 mL * ( 1 L/1000 mL)
number of moles = 0.10 moles
Then, let us solve for the new concentration by dividing the same number of moles with the new volume. The number of moles remains the same since there is no addition of solute.
final concentration in terms of molarity = number of moles / total volume
final concentration = 0.10 moles / [(250mL+1000mL)*(1L/1000mL)]
final concentration = 0.08 M
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which bonds maintain the primary structure of a protein? question 7 options: ionic bonds hydrogen bonds peptide bonds disulfide bonds\\
Proteins have four structures primary, secondary,m tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure of the protein has been known to have peptide bonds. Thus, option C is correct.
What are peptide bonds?Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that are involved in protein polymer formation by linking the amino acid chains. They are also called amide bonds that are present between the nitrogen and the carbonyl atom.
The primary structure of the proteins includes the amino linked by the peptide bonds that make them look like linear structures. The secondary structures have hydrogen bonds and the tertiary have ionic and hydrophilic hydrogen bonds.
Therefore, option C. the primary structure of the protein contains peptide bonds.
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What defines our current ‘standard’ for one meter?
is it true or false an oxygen atom has the same atomic number as hydrogen atom?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton and have an atomic number of 1. Oxygen atoms contain 8 protons and have an atomic number of 8.
a certain ore is 28.4% nickel by mass. how many kilograms of this ore would you need to dig up to have 60.0 g of nickel?
A certain ore is 28.4% nickel by mass you need to dig up 473.33g for 60.0g of nickel.
In each kilogram of ore you would have 28.4×1kg=28.4 kilogram of nickel or 28.4×1000=28,400
So, for 60.0g 60/28400=473.33 kilogram
You need only to dig 473.33 kilogram of ore.
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Conductivity is directly related to the number of ions present in a solution. Insoluble compounds do not dissociate to any appreciable extent. What kind of conductivity would you expect such a solution to have?.
An incompletely dissociating solution would have weak conductivity. Ions that have completely broken free from their bonding conduct more effectively than those that are still connected.
Why conductivity is important?Aquatic organisms and plants prefer a particular spectrum of salinities. Outside of this area, they will have negative effects and possibly even die. Others can endure both low and high salinities, whereas certain creatures can only endure low salinity.
In addition to its direct effects on aquatic life, salinity has various other important influences on the chemistry and density of water.
How is Conductivity measured?
The most popular way to quantify saltiness is in parts per thousand, or grams per liter.
A Siemen is a unit used to measure conductivity. It is also known by its smaller equivalents, the milli-Siemen and the micro-Siemen, which are each one millionth of a Siemen. The most popular type of conductivity is referred to as specific conductivity.
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i need help please its due tmr for school!
Number 4 -
1 kilogram = 1000 grams
0.79kg * 1000g = 790g
0.3kg * 1000g = 300g
790g - 300g = 490g
Number 5 -
24 hrs / 3 = 8
That means the lamb was fed 8 times in one day.
1 liter = 1000 milliliters
Using this conversion, we could do 290 * 8 to figure out how many milliliters it was fed in one day.
290 * 8 = 2320
2320 / 1000 = 2.32 liters fed to the lamb in one day
Working on my mental math this way<3
Convert 300.0mm into m using dimensional analysis
Answer:
How to Convert Millimeters to Meters. To convert a millimeter measurement to a meter measurement, divide the length by the conversion ratio. The length in meters is equal to the millimeters divided by 1,000.
Explanation:
In this experiment you are going to use 100. Mg of sodium borohydride. How many moles of sodium borohydride will you use?.
2.64×10⁻³ (0.00264) moles of sodium borohydride will be used.
m(NaBH₄) = 100 mg ÷ 1000 mg/g
m(NaBH₄) = 0.1 g; mass of sodium borohydride
M(NaBH₄) = 37.83 g/mol; molar mass of sodium borohydride
n(NaBH₄) = m(NaBH₄) ÷ M(NaBH₄)
n(NaBH₄) = 0.1 g ÷ 37.83 g/mol
n(NaBH₄) = 0.00264 mol; amount of sodium borohydride
Sodium borohydride is white solid and it is a reducing agent.
Sodium tetrahydridoborate is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBH₄.
Mass is a fundamental measure of the amount of matter in the object.
Kilogram (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units.
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Calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. If 224 g of calcium carbonate decomposes, how many moles of carbon dioxide gas is produced?.
What is produced is 2.24 moles of carbon dioxide.
What is the number of moles of carbon dioxide?We have to apply the stoichiometry of this reaction in trying to answer this question. Recall that what we have here is a decomposition reaction. The calcium carbonate is decomposed to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Number of moles of calcium carbonate = 224 g/100 g/mol = 2.24 moles
We can see that the reaction is 1:1 hence, the number of moles of carbon dioxide that would be produced in this reaction would also be 2.24 moles of carbon dioxide.
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The number of moles of carbon dioxide gas produced from the reaction is 2.24 mole
How to determine the moles of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃Mass of CaCO₃ = 224 gMolar mass of CaCO₃ = 100 g/molMole of CaCO₃ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of CaCO₃ = 224 / 100
Mole of CaCO₃ = 2.24 moles
Balanced equationCaCO₃ -> CaO + CO₂
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of CaCO₃ decomposed to produce 1 mole of CO₂
How to determine the mole of CO₂ produced from the reactionFrom the balanced equation above,
1 mole of CaCO₃ decomposed to produce 1 mole of CO₂
Therefore,
2.24 moles of CaCO₃ will also decompose to produce 2.24 moles of CO₂
Thus, 2.24 moles of CO₂ were produced from the reaction
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1.Why exceptions to the ionization occur?
2. Name an exception to the ionization trend