Cells are classified into two types: bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells. Though prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have different shapes (see prokaryote, eukaryote), their molecular contents and activity are extremely similar. Nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides are the most important compounds in cells. Cells are classified into two types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
A nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are absent in prokaryotic cells. A nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are found in eukaryotic cells. This enables these cells to perform complex functions. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are the two main types of cells. Bacteria and archaea are examples of prokaryotic cells.
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examine the following genetic sequences and determine which pair are the most similar based on their ed (evolutionary distances).
Most similar are:
Species 1 = ATTGGCCATT
Species 3 = TTTGGCCATT
Genetic sequence alignment is dependent on estimations of the evolutionary distance between the sequences and their most recent common ancestor. Unfortunately, it is well known that the assessment of evolutionary distance is very prone to mistake for short sequences, which are the topic of many alignments in practice. It is difficult to enhance current estimators without further knowledge about the sequences. Using an interval rather than a single estimate, this work shows how imprecise probability theory enables us to significantly weaken assumptions about the evolutionary distance. Through a generalization of the well-known Needleman- Wunsch technique, it is demonstrated how under these weaker assumptions a suitable alignment may still be established.
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a property that is common to all microbial cells is . evolution communication between cells differentiation genetic exchange between cells motility
A property that is common to all microbial cells is evolution
What is Evolution ?In other words, descent with modification, evolution can be defined as any net directional change or cumulative change in the traits of organisms or populations over many generations. It specifically takes both the beginning and the spread of alleles, variations, trait values, or character states into account.
Because it explains how life developed on Earth and how the many species are related, evolution is crucial. The linkages in evolution contribute to the understanding of many biological issues, including the diversity of life.It's general knowledge that Charles Darwin is credited with "discovering" evolution. However, the historical record reveals that between 1748 and 1859, the year when Darwin published On the Origin of Species, around 70 distinct authors wrote works on the subject of evolution.Learn more about Evolution here:
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Anything detected with the five
senses is considered an ______.
Anything detected with the five senses is considered an observation.
The five senses of the humans are: touch, sight, smell, hearing and taste. The touch can be felt through the skin. The smell is received by the nose. The hearing is performed by the ears. The sight us due to the eyes. And the taste is due to the taste buds in the tongue inside the mouth.
Observation is the phenomenon of acquiring information about something. This information can be acquired in the form of smell, taste, sight, etc. The observation can be stored in the brain in the form of memory.
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wha are macro and micronutrients ?
Answer:
macronutrients are the nutrients that the body requires in large amounts, while micronutrients are those required in smaller amounts. To break this down even further, macronutrients make up your total caloric intake, and include carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Explanation:
Macronutrients are the nutrients we need in larger quantities that provide us with energy: in other words, fat, protein and carbohydrate. Micronutrients are mostly vitamins and minerals, and are equally important but consumed in very small amounts. We generally get our micronutrients along with macronutrients.
Natural selection can affect gene frequencies by introducing new alleles to a population. True or false?.
The statement 'Natural selection can affect gene frequencies by introducing new alleles to a population' is False about this process.
What is Natural selection?Natural selection is an evolutionary process associated with differential survival and reproduction of the more adapted organism, which depends on alleles and genotypes that carry such individuals.
In conclusion, the statement 'Natural selection can affect gene frequencies by introducing new alleles to a population' is False about this process.
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explain how membrane receptors transmit massages across the cell membrane
Answer: The receptor opens up and allows certain ions in through it's receptor channel into the cell (sodium, potassium, etc.)
all other factors (concentration, solute size, etc.) being equal, which type of solute does a cell tend to pull inside?
Answer: Positively-charged solutes
Explanation:
The excess of negative charge on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane tends to pull positively charged solutes into the cell. Specifically, a variety of negatively charged inorganic and organic ions (anions), including nucleic acids, proteins, and many cell metabolites, maintain this relatively constant "positive pull" at the surface of the cell.
masso, m., accurate and efficient structure-based computational mutagenesis for modeling fluorescence levels of aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein mutants. protein eng des sel 2020, 33.
Accurate and efficient structure-based computational mutagenesis for modeling fluorescence levels of aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein mutants is a research paper by Masso M.
What is the abstract?Recently, experimental researchers determined the functional impacts (fluorescence levels) of over 46,000 single and multiple amino acid variations of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP), and to characterize these effects, computational mutagenesis was applied. For each GFP mutant, the method produced a single score that reflected the overall shift in sequence-structure compatibility in comparison to native GFP as well as a vector of environmental perturbation (EP) scores that described the effects at each GFP residue location. By contrasting the sequence-structure compatibility scores with the functional data, a significant (P 0.0001) link between GFP structure and function was shown. Then, using random forest (RF) classification and tree regression machine learning methods, generated vectors for GFP mutants were utilized to construct predictive models of fluorescence.
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a cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. following mitosis and cytokinesis how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain? chegg
if the cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. following the mitosis and cytokinesis the result are Each daughter cell will have the half of the original 46 chromosomes, or the 23 chromosomes. Each chromosome has consists of 2 sister chromatids.
The Homologous Chromosomes are made of the chromosomal pairs of the same length and the centromere positions for the genes which corresponding to the same loci. Typically one of the most chromosomes is inherited by from the father and to the other from the mother. Diploid organisms, like the humans, that carry two copies of the genome in each of one of their cells. Having two copies of the each chromosome, called as homologous chromosomes, which helps increase the both the variety and the stability of a species
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Explain the role of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in the cell membrane.
Ready? Enter your answer here.
III
The role of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the cell membrane will be structural, cell communication and protection.
What will be the role of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in the cell membrane?The cell membrane is composed of different components, among them are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids that allow its complete formation and that give different properties to the membrane. The membrane is mainly composed of a lipid bilayer that gives it the shape it has, having its hydrophobic heads outwards and its hydrophilic legs inwards of the bilayer, causing the membrane to discriminate certain types of elements due to their hydrophilic nature or their electrical charge.
It will also be composed of proteoglycans, generating a layer called glycocalyx that will give a protective layer to the cell membrane towards the outside, protecting it from substances that can destroy or damage it. Also in the membrane itself there will be protein channels that allow the passage of molecules that cannot pass through the membrane by simple diffusion.
Therefore, we can confirm that the role of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the cell membrane will be structural, cell communication and protection.
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What is the common name of halobacterium salinarum and is it heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Answer:
Common name for halobacterium salinarum is Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium
halobacterium salinarum is heterotrophic
Explanation:
Halophilic Archaea, which are generally heterotrophic and aerobic, likely evolved from an autotrophic, anaerobic methanogenic ancestor by acquiring many genes from Bacteria via lateral gene transfer.
Halobacterium salinarum, formerly known as Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium, is an extremely halophilic marine obligate aerobic archaeon. Despite its name, this is not a bacterium, but a member of the domain Archaea. It is found in salted fish, hides, hypersaline lakes, and salterns.
arrange the process of hemostasis in sequence. (separate letters by a comma and space [ex. a, b, c,…])
The sequence for the process of hemostasis is A, F, B, C, D, E.
What is Hemostasis?Your body's natural response to an injury, hemostasis, stops the bleeding and repairs the damage. This skill typically works to your advantage by preserving blood and avoiding infections. The process can occasionally malfunction, leading to issues with excessive or insufficient clotting. There are four distinct steps to the hemostasis mechanism.
1) Blood vessel constriction.
2) The development of a transient "platelet plug."
3) The coagulation cascade is activated.
4) The last clot, or "fibrin plug," forms.
A series of enzymatic activations that result in the development of a clot containing platelets and fibrin polymer are made easier by hemostasis. While the process of tissue regeneration is taking place, this clot plugs the wounded area, manages the bleeding, and stops further bleeding.
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I understand that the question you are looking for is "Arrange the process of hemostasis in sequence. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D)
A. Kidneys release erythropoietic factor
B. Increase in red blood cell production
C. Enzyme stimulates red bone marrow
D. Oxygen delivery increased to the tissues
E. Oxygen delivery decreased to the tissues
F. Decrease in red blood cell production"
ASAP. Will mark Brilliantest
Alex poured some pond water into three beakers. She then put waterweed into each beaker. She put the beakers in different places.
a.The waterweed in the box changed from dark green to pale yellow. Why did this happen?
Answer:
This happen because the box has blocked the sunlight from the waterweed and it has stopped photosynthesizing.
a large population of mice (2000 individuals) lived in an area in the desert dominated by small shrubs. when the population size got too high, a small group of 6 individuals left and colonized an area adjacent to the original population's home, but the adjacent area was primarily dominated by trees instead of shrubs. there is no gene flow between the dispersers and the original population. a researcher sequenced the genomes of representative individuals from both populations and found substantial genetic differences between them. which of the statements would most account for the amount of genetic differences observed?
The small population will have undergone more evolution than the vast population since the first dispersal event.
What is meant by genetic difference?
Individuals within a population can be distinguished by genetic differences.
It's possible for a newborn's germ line to have distinct genetic modifications "de novo" (e.g., as a result of mutation in sperm or egg).
various genetic variations
Indels, Copy Number Variations, Translocations and Inversions, Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms/Single-nucleotide Variations (SNP/SNVs), and Single-nucleotide Variations (SNP/SNVs).
What types of genetic differences are there?Genes take on various shapes, or alleles, as a result of genetic variation.
People with blue eyes, for instance, have one allele of the eye color gene, whereas those with brown eyes will have a different allele of the gene.
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Which experiment would most likely contain experimental bias?
A.
A chemistry class performs an experiment in which each reaction has the same amount of starting material and begins at the same temperature.
B.
A company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands.
C.
A student tests the attraction of bees to flowers by placing four different flowers in the same location and counting how many bees visit each.
D.
A lab performs a test by giving bacterial colonies the same amount of different antibiotics and growing them under the same conditions.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
The company wants people to buy the product, so they would avoid any negative result that may come from the experiment.
deep vein thrombosis in mice is regulated by platelet hmgb1 through release of neutrophil-extracellular traps and dna
Deep vein thrombosis in mice is regulated by platelet hmgb1 through release of neutrophil-extracellular traps and dna
Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease, consistS of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. recently prophylactic measures are not sufficient to prevent all occurrence in part due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. sufficient evidence indicates interplay between activation of the innate immune system and thrombus development. Recent work has illustrated that platelet release of HMGB1 leads to increase in microvascular complications following injury. Additionally, platelet HMGB1 was found to enhance DVT and elevated the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), although the role of HMGB1 induced NET release in thrombosis remains unexplored.
Utilizing a transgenic mouse lacking HMGB1 particularly from platelets and megakaryocytes it is illustrated the specific role of platelet-derived HMGB1 in acute and subacute/chronic venous thrombosis.
HMGB1 is elevated following DVT and contributes to thrombus formation.HMGB1 release from platelets promotes acute and subacute/chronic DVT formationTo know more about Platelets visit : https://brainly.com/question/11333832
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Which component is affected when a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction?
Answer:
The correct answer would be activation energy.
Explanation:
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vander’s human physiology, 15th ed. by eric widmaier, hershel raff, kevin strang publisher: mcgraw hill online pdf
Vander’s human physiology, 15th ed. by eric widmaier, hershel raff, kevin strang publisher: mcgraw hill is a textbook on human physiology easily available on amazon or flipkart. You can also try to find this book in online free libraries.
What are the contents in the book?Chapter 1 Homeostasis: A Framework for Human PhysiologyChapter 2 Chemical Composition of the BodyChapter 3 Cellular structure, proteins, and MetabolismChapter 4 Movement of Molecules Across Cell MembranesChapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical MessengersChapter 6 Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous SystemChapter 7 Sensory PhysiologyChapter 8 Consciousness, the Brain, and BehaviorChapter 9 MuscleChapter 10 Control of Body MovementChapter 11 The Endocrine SystemChapter 12 Cardiovascular PhysiologyChapter 13 Respiratory PhysiologyChapter 14 The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic IonsChapter 15 The Digestion and Absorption of FoodChapter 16 Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy BalanceChapter 17 ReproductionChapter 18 Defense Mechanisms of the BodyChapter 19 Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical CasesTo learn more about human physiology visit:
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transcription factor irf4 promotes cd8( ) t cell exhaustion and limits the development of memory-like t cells during chronic infection.
Chronic stimulation results in an exhausted phenotype in CD8+ T lymphocytes that is defined by the production of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic abnormalities. T cell fatigue restricts the removal of virus-infected or tumour cells but protects against severe immunopathology.
What is Transcription factor ?A transcription factor is a molecule that regulates a gene's function by deciding whether its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is converted into RNA (ribonucleic acid). Using the DNA of the gene as a template, the enzyme RNA polymerase catalyses the chemical processes that result in the synthesis of RNA.
The SRY protein is another illustration of a transcription factor that participates in development. For sex differentiation to occur during human development, the SRY protein is required. The SRY protein activates genes involved in the development of the male reproductive system.Learn more about Transcription factor here:
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An atom of a certain element has 36 proton,36 electrons and a mass number of 84.at room temperature this element is a very stable gas.how many neutrons are in this atom
Answer:
b^2+c^2+a^2 pretty easy
A student adds 10 drops of a copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution to a test tube containing chicken broth. The solution undergoes a color change from blue to purple.
The presence of which organic molecule is indicated by the color change of the solution?
glycogen
protein
nucleosome
fatty acids and glycerol
The molecule whose presence is indicated is protein.
What is the food test?The food test refers to the chemical methods that we could use to obtain the kind of food substance that we have in a sample. Let us recall that food is a chemical substance hence it is capable of chemical interaction with other chemicals.
One of the kind of food tests is the tests for proteins in which copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution is used. In this test, the color of the solution turns from blue to purple.
Hence the molecule whose presence is indicated is protein.
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question 6 (true/false worth 2 points) (04.03 lc) during cellular respiration, chemical energy is converted to cellular energy. true false
It is true that during cellular respiration, chemical energy is converted to cellular energy.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions that convert chemical potential energy stored in organic matter (such as glucose) into a form (cellular energy, which is ATP, means adenosine triphosphate) that can be directly used by the cell for a variety of activities.
It is also a process of oxidizing glucose to produce a large amount of energy, as well as carbon dioxide and water.
Thus, it can be concluded that the given statement is true.
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19. An example of a population is
A.
all trees in a forest
B. all maple trees in a forest
C. all plants in a forest
D. all animals in a forest
Answer:
B. all maple trees in a forest
Explanation:
each of the following is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve that supplies the temporomandibular joint except one
Nasopalatine Nerve
The trigeminal nerve's maxillary branch includes the nasopalatine nerve as a subdivision. The trigeminal nerve is a sensory nerve, and so is the nasopalatine nerve. The pterygopalatine ganglion is where it enters the sphenopalatine foramen after coursing into the nasal cavity. It travels beneath the ostium of the sphenoid sinus to the septum, where it lies between the periosteum and the mucous membrane and gives the septum feeling. The nasopalatine canal, which connects the nasal and oral chambers, is where it travels from here before proceeding inferiorly to breach the hard palate anteriorly. This canal also contains the palatine glands, a little amount of fat, and the terminal branch of the nasopalatine artery.
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sort each process into the appropriate bin according to whether it contributes to heredity only, genetic variation only, or both. (note that a bin may be left empty.)
DNA replication, anaphase I, II, and metaphase II are heritable exclusively.
solely including genomic variation: crossing over, metaphase 1 and
fertilizations
Hereditary only: Only enough DNA is duplicated to supply the daughter cells.
Chromosomes in anaphase I and II are migrating to daughter cells to be passed on.
Chromosomes in metaphase II were randomly arranged in metaphase I and will only align to travel to each daughter cell.
Only genetic variation: as chromosomes cross over, they exchange information, which explains DNA variety.
Random chromosomal distribution during metaphase I will also produce variability.
Both: the newly created zygote has unique information from both parents during fertilisation (genetic variation), and this information is transmitted down to the following generation.
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in the chapter, "the awakening," what is the one thing that elana’s father says that a maturing species must have?
In the chapter, "the awakening," the one thing that Elana’s father says that a maturing species must have IS Independence.
The Awakening examines a woman's quest to discover and embrace her authentic self. Her dedication to that goal strains her relationships with her family and friends and clashes with the cultural norms of the time. The plot of Edna Pontellier's novel is set in upper-class Creole society in Louisiana in the 1890s.
The concept of self-ownership is the main point of Kate Chopin's poem The Awakening. The book was created at a time when women were mostly seen as property, first the property of their fathers and then their husbands. Edna Pontellier discovers self-ownership in The Awakening through her sexual awakening.
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3. Which phase of the cell cycle is the period of growth and development?
Answer:
interphase
Explanation:
A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.
A group of students observed a line of ants traveling along
a single path within an enclosure. When the students
moved a single ant to a new area, the ant moved at
random.
Which claim is supported by the students' observations?
O A. Ants are more likely to move randomly in a group than on their
own.
B. There is a pattern in one ant's movement, but it is not relevant to
other ants.
C. There is no pattern in ants' movements, which appear to always be
random.
D. There is a pattern in the movements of ants in a group that is likely
caused by another factor.
The claim which is supported by the students' observations: (D) There is a pattern in the movements of ants in a group that is likely caused by another factor.
Ants travel in a straight line or path within an enclosed area. However, a single ant when moved out from this path to a new area moves randomly. The observations suggests that ants follow a pattern or trail while they move together in a group which can be the result of another factor.
The factor responsible for the movement of ants in a group can be associated with the chemical trail in the form of pheromones. Ants leave behind pheromones when they travel in a group so that they can pick up the scent of the leader ant and follow the same path.
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Answer:
it's the D)
Explanation:
evaluation of the respective influence of thyroid hormonesand tsh on blood coagulation parameters after total thyroidec-tomy
This prospective investigation demonstrates that significantly reduced levels of VWF:Ag, VWF:CBA, and FVIII:C are linked to severe short-term hypothyroidism. Exogenous TSH administration has no impact on the coagulation parameters. According to these results, thyroid hormone insufficiency is probably the key factor contributing to coagulation changes in hypothyroid patients.
What is Thyroid hormone ?Triiodothyronine and thyroxine are the two hormones known as thyroid hormones that the thyroid gland produces and secretes. They are tyrosine-based hormones whose main function is to control metabolism. Iodine makes up a portion of the molecules T3 and T4.
Iodine shortage may be the cause of thyroid issues. Inflammation can result from autoimmune illnesses when the thyroid is attacked by the immune system, causing either hyperthyroidism (caused by Graves' disease) or hypothyroidism (induced by Hashimoto's disease) (which may or may not cause pain),Learn more about Thyroid hormone here:
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The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and.
Answer: lymph
Explanation: right in mastering
The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph.
Extracellular fluid comprises of all body fluids found outside the cells in the body, which makes up about one-third of all body fluids. Extracellular fluid is subdivided into interstitial fluid, blood plasma and lymph. The lymph and blood plasma act as transport systems, while the interstitial fluid bathes all the cells and provides water and electrolytes for exchange.
Interstitial fluid: The interstitial fluid can be found between cells and blood capillaries, enabling exchange of materials like glucose, oxygen and other nutrients through diffusion. It also holds waste materials from cell metabolism like carbon dioxide. Plasma: It is the extracellular fluid found in the blood vessels and is similar in composition to the interstitial fluidLymph: It is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system. Lymph is involved in the breakdown and digestion of fats from the digestive system. It also defends the body against foreign pathogens using special cells called lymphocytes.Learn more about extracellular fluid here:
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