A high-risk BAP1-mutant group and a favorable PBRM1-mutant group have been identified as mutation-defined subgroups of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma with differing clinical outcomes.
Why is the PBRM1-mutant group more advantageous and the BAP1-mutant group more risky?Different clinical behaviors are displayed by clear-cell renal-cell carcinomas. However, it is unknown what molecular genetic processes underlie these behaviors. We found that PBRM1 and BAP1 mutations are largely mutually exclusive and that BAP1 is mutated in roughly 15% of clear-cell renal-cell carcinomas.
145 patients from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in the United States who had primary clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and known PBRM1 and BAP1 mutation status were evaluated between 1998 and 2011 for this retrospective investigation. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA second )'s independent cohort (n = 327) for validation.
Those with BAP1-mutant tumors had considerably lower median overall survival in the UTSW cohort than patients with PBRM1-mutant tumors. Despite being rare (three in the UTSW cohort and four in the TCGA cohort), patients with mutations in both PBRM1 and BAP1 had the lowest overall survival.
These findings lay the groundwork for a molecular genetic classification of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma that may have an impact on future treatment choices.
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mutants of arabidopsis with alterations in seed lipid fatty acid composition theoretical and applied genetics
The discussion of mutants of arabidopsis with alterations in seed lipid fatty acid composition theoretical and applied genetics is written in below paragraph-
By analyzing the fatty acid composition of samples of seed from 3,000 mutagenized lines, a rich variety of mutant Arabidopsis with different seed lipid compositions was discovered. Defects in the elongation of 18-1 to 20-1, desaturation of 18-1 to 18-2, and desaturation of 18-2 to 18-3 were caused by a series of mutations that were found. The wild type showed partial dominance over the mutant allele in each of these instances. These findings, in addition to findings from other studies, indicate a significant role for gene dosage in influencing the fatty acid content of seed lipids. A mutation that increased the accumulation of 183 was also discovered.
A broad variety of mutant Arabidopsis with various seed lipid compositions was found by examining the fatty acid composition of seed samples from 3,000 mutagenized lines. A number of mutations were discovered that were responsible for defects in the desaturation of 18-1 to 18-2, 18-1 to 18-2, and 18-2 to 18-3. In each of these cases, the mutant allele was somewhat dominant over the natural type. These results, together with those from previous studies, point to a significant role for gene dosage in affecting the fatty acid composition of seed lipids. Additionally, a mutation that increased the accumulation of 183 was found.
What are mutants?A mutant in biology, and particularly genetics, is an organism or new genetic characteristic that arises from or is brought about by a mutation, which is typically an alteration of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome or chromosome.
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Jane and jill wondered if plant shoots always grew up toward the light. the two girls planted several pots of seeds. after the seeds germinated, they removed them from the soil and and repositioned the seeds in the ground. they place one-third in the normal position for growth, roots down and shoots up. this was the control group. they placed another third up-side down or shoots down and roots up. they placed the last group on their sides so the shoots and roots were both oriented horizontally. what else should the girls do in order to ensure that their results are valid?
Answer:
They should ensure light is coming from one direction
What is the flow of molecules in passive transport?
Answer:
The movement of molecules across a membrane without the input of energy is known as passive transport. When energy (ATP) is needed, the movement is known as active transport. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Explanation:
hope this helps :D
Answer:
hhggvfvgfxbvvg 343423bvvfftdx455dfdx565rbhfgfgy3geyr
Explanation:
How does the movement of the constellations provide evidence of earth’s rotation and revolution?
Answer:
Explanation:
How do the motions of the constellations provide evidence that Earth both rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun? The constellations seem to move in a circle around a fixed point each night. .Earth's revolution around the sun causes the constellations to seem to move..
aplastic anemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report on 49 new cases from seattle. blood 48:817, 1976
An uncommon disorder where the body stops making enough new blood cells.
What is Aplastic anemia?Damage to the bone marrow leads to the development of aplastic anemia. The damage may either exist at birth or develop as a result of radiation, chemotherapy, exposure to hazardous substances, some medications, or an infection.The onset of symptoms might be gradual or abrupt. There could be bleeding, frequent infections, fatigue, and a fast heartbeat.Treatment options include prescription drugs, blood transfusions, and stem cell transplants as needed.How are allogeneic transplants carried out?A person's stem cells are replaced with fresh, healthy stem cells during an allogeneic transplant. The fresh cells are obtained from donated umbilical cord blood or from a donor. Before the transplant, chemotherapy or a chemotherapy and radiation therapy cocktail is administered.
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Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts an interaction between two separate cells?.
Some integral proteins serve as cell recognition or surface identity proteins, which mark a cell’s identity so that it can be recognized by other cells. Some integral proteins act as enzymes, or in cell adhesion, between neighboring cells.
Integral proteins are a set of membrane proteins that depict an interaction between two separate cells and the lipid bilayer forms the basis of the cell membrane, but it is peppered throughout with various proteins. Two different types of proteins that are commonly associated with the cell membrane are the integral protein and peripheral protein.
As its name suggests, an integral protein is a protein that is embedded in the membrane. Many different types of integral proteins exist, each with different functions. For example, an integral protein that extends an opening through the membrane for ions to enter or exit the cell is known as a channel protein.
Peripheral proteins are typically found on the inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer but can also be attached to the internal or external surface of an integral protein.
Some integral proteins serve as cell recognition or surface identity proteins, which mark a cell’s identity so that it can be recognized by other cells. Some integral proteins act as enzymes, or in cell adhesion, between neighboring cells.
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I GIVE BRAINLIEST
Both question please.
Answer:
4. D
5.d
7B
Explanation:
As producers, plants create their own food. Why are plants important to other organisms on Earth?
Answer: They use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel. These primary producers form the base of an ecosystem and fuel the next trophic levels.
Explanation:
By which process are fossil fuels formed
O burning
• photosynthesis
O decomposition
cellular respiration
What is the most important characteristic of ALL abiotic factors?
Answer:
They were never alive
Explanation:
Abiotic refers to something that is and was never alive.
Answer:
B. They were never alive.
Explanation:
Abiotic factors are non-living things and non-living means "not alive"–– they were never alive in the first place. Abiotic factors include sunlight, water, wind, sunlight, soil, atmosphere, temperature, etc...
A marine biologist assigns an identification number to each dolphin in a pod
based on the dolphin's unique fin markings. The identification number is an
example of what kind of data?
O A. Discrete data
B. Quantitative data
OC. Qualitative data
O D. Continuous data
A marine biologist assigns an identification number to each dolphin in a pod based on the dolphin's unique fin markings. The identification number is an example of quantitative data.
There are two types of data:
1) Qualitative data
2) Quantitative data
These are further classified into four types of data: nominal, discrete, ordinal, continuous.
Quantitative data type tries to quantify things and does by considering numerical values that make it countable in nature. It includes statistical data analysis. These type of data are also known as "Numerical data". It answers the questions like, "how much", "how many", "how often".
Quantitative data can be used for statistical manipulation. These data can be represented on wide variety of graphs and charts such as bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, histograms, etc.
They can be further divided into two parts: discrete and continuous.
Hence, answer B is correct.
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Answer:
C. qualitative data
What is plasmid separate from and what is found there?
Answer:
A plasmid is a small, often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other cells. Plasmids are separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicate independently of it.
Please help me asap. it's due at 3:00 and my mom doesn't want to help.
How many bones does it take to make a system?
What are axial bones?
What are appendicular bones used for?
What are joints?
Where are the smallest bones in your body located?
What is on the surface of bones?
What is compact bone?
What is spongy bone?
What is bone marrow?
How do bones grow?
Where is the spine located?
What organs does the rib cage protect?
What does the skull protect?
What are leg bones used for?
What are 2 ways you can protect your bones?
Answer:
1) About 300 at birth and 206 at adulthood
2) it is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.
3) It is majorly required for the movement of the body and also digital manipulation of feeding and reproduction.
4) Human joints are when ends of two bones come together. The joints hold them together and allow for movement of your skeleton.
5) in the middle ear
6) a fibrous membrane called the periosteum
7) Compact bone forms the outer layer of all bones and provides strength
8) The spongy bone is a much porous kind of bone which is found in the animals. The spongy bones are also called Cancellous bones or the Trabecular bones.
9) Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones
10) Bones grow through the cellular activities of osteoblasts on the surface of the bone
11) top of your neck, just under the skull, and goes all the way down to your tail-bone
12) it protects the brain from injury
13) They are used to produce movements such as standing, walking, running, and jumping.
14) Get vitamin D and plenty of exercise
Explanation:
A student draws a simple diagram of a cell.
cytoplasm
cell membrane
0
nucleus
mitochondrion
0
Which part of the cell is responsible for making ATP that the cell uses for energy?
cell membrane
O cytoplasm
O mitochondrion
nucleus
Answer:
Mitochondrion makes ATP.
Explanation:
This process happens in the mitochondrion of the cell.
What is the significance of selective permeability to biological membranes?
Answer: Selective permeability is a property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cell. This is important for the cell to maintain its internal order irrespective of the changes to the environment.
PLZ HELP!!!
Which layer of Earth has convection currents?
A. Asthenosphere
B. Crust
C. Lithosphere
D. Mesosphere
Answer:
D is answer
i
hope
it
helps
uwu
Does natural selection occur when which of the following conditions are met?
Group of answer choices
Variations between individual organisms lead to differential survival chances.
The conditions in an ecosystem support a wide range of living organisms
Individual organisms depend on each other to obtain available resources.
Habitat and nutrient resources in an area are plentiful over a long period of time.
Answer:
THANKS FOR THE POINTS I WILL USE IT
Explanation:
Match The Following
30 POINTS
Answer:
Amoung us?
Explanation:
1.) Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?
A.) Different shaped shells
B.) Break shape
C.) Different body size among the same species
D.) Overproduction
E.) All the above
F.) None of the above
G.) Both A and B
H.) Both B and C
2.) How is artificial selection different from natural selection? Select the best answer from the choices below.
A.) In artificial selection, animals that are more likely to survive reproduce.
B.) In artificial selection, members of a species must compete to survive.
C.) In natural selection, people impact which traits are passed on
D.) In artificial selection, humans choose which organisms reproduce.
3.) A fossil that is characteristic of a particular span of geological time or a specific environment is called a(n).
A.) Index fossil
B.) Cast fossil
C.) Petrified fossil
D.) Mold fossil
Answer:For number 1 i put G
Explanation:
intersection in which one organism eats another
Answer:
The Food Chain
Explanation:
When the process of mitosis is correctly completed, the daughter cells should contain exact copies of all of an organism's genes. Which biomolecule contains all of an organism's genes?
Answer: nucleic acids
Explanation:
Which supplies your body with energy?
A. nutrients
B. vitamins
C. blood
D. water
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Hopefully this helps
Which option identifies the degree needed to achieve the goal in the following scenario?
Nathan is interested in designing strength and conditioning exercise equipment for an athletics company.
master’s degree in biomechanics
certification in strength and conditioning
PhD in biomechanics
bachelor’s degree in kinesiology
Answer:
Actually, the answer is master’s degree in biomechanics.
Explanation:
I took the stem test on edgenuiity and got it right.
State two contributions each, for any five areas of agriculture in agricultural development.
Answer:
As the non-agricultural sectors develop, their dependence on agriculture for other contributions like that of capital, labour, raw material etc., is reduced. However, dependence of the non-agricultural sectors on agriculture for provision of wage goods will be as strong as ever unless, of course, new scientific innovations also result in the production of perfect synthetic substitutes for food grains.
Explanation:
As the non-agricultural sectors develop, their dependence on agriculture for other contributions like that of capital, labour, raw material etc., is reduced. However, dependence of the non-agricultural sectors on agriculture for provision of wage goods will be as strong as ever unless, of course, new scientific innovations also result in the production of perfect synthetic substitutes for food grains.
How do positive and negative feedback loops differ?
a Positive feedback loops increase the amount of positively charged ions, while negative feedback loops increase the amount of negatively charged ions.
b There is no difference; they both have similar functions.
c Positive feedback loops are good for the cells, while negative feedback loops are harmful to cells.
d Positive feedback loops increase the initial signal, while negative feedback loops decrease the original signal.
Answer:
Positive and negative feedback differs in that positive feedback loops increase the initial signal, while negative feedback loops decrease the original signal (option d).
Explanation:
Feedback is a process that, applied to biological systems, allows for the changes needed to maintain homeostasis.
Negative feedback loop occurs when a stimulus is presented, producing a change in the body, so the response is to stop the change that is occurring. It is the most frequent type of feedback and has the greatest impact on homeostasis. An example of negative feedback is a decrease in body temperature through sweating. Positive feedback loop occurs when the stimulus produces a change and promotes a response that reinforces that change. The classic example of positive feedback is the secretion of oxytocin, promoted by uterine contractions, whose effect is to increase those contractions, allowing labor.In summary, positive feedback loop acts by increasing an action or signal in the body, while the negative feedback loop reduces or stops the action or signal that occurs.
Answer:
D is correct
Positive feedback loops increase the initial signal, while negative feedback loops decrease the original signal.
Explanation:
hydrogen gas + oxygen gas =
water. what is the product of the reaction
Answer:
Water
Explanation:
In chemical reactions, the atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form the products.
Reactants vs. Products
The reactants in a chemical reaction are the substances that you began with. The products are the result of the reaction.
For example, in the question, you are given hydrogen and oxygen. Then, through a chemical reaction, water is created. The reactants (hydrogen and oxygen) are the compounds that are changing to create the product (water).
Finding the Products
The order that a chemical reaction is written is important. Unlike equations in math, you cannot arbitrarily change the left and right. The left side of a reaction will always contain the reactants, while the right side has the products. Since water is on the right, water is the product.
Which of the following describes an aquifer’s ability to allow water to flow through? Porosity,Permeability,Geology or Recharge zone
please help me with this question
Explanation:
beacuase he is classified the food into fraction and fraction is rational number
Which statement best describes the relationship between cells and tissues?
A. There is no relationship between cells and tissues.
B. Any group of cells can combine to make a tissue.
C. Cells and tissues are the same in all organisms.
D. Groups of specific cells work together to form tissues.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Cells make up tissues. So, they have a relationship. (A) is wrong.
Random cells do not combine together. Instead, cells are grouped and assigned specific tasks. Those specific cells make up specific tissues. (B) is wrong.
Cells are the fundamental units. Tissues are not. Also, different organisms have different organ systems with unique functions, hence cells and tissues are different. (C) is wrong.
Cells specified for certain tasks come together to form tissues. (D) is correct.
Answer:
D is the answer
Explanation:
Cells specified for certain tasks come together to form tissues.
Geologists have special tools to help them learn more about how energy is carried in the lithosphere. If a geologist observed that the speed of seismic waves in an area was increasing, what might he infer? a Tectonic plates in the lithosphere have moved. b There is water underground in the area. c The lithosphere is mainly made up of solid rock. d The temperature of the inner core has cooled somewhat.
Answer:
The answer is option A "Tectonic plates in the lithosphere have moved."
Explanation:
Despite the fact that the innovation doesn't exist to go into the entirety of Earth's layers, researchers can even now become familiar with an incredible arrangement about Earth's structure through seismic waves.
Seismic waves are vibrations in the earth that send energy and happen during seismic movement, for example, quakes, volcanic emissions, and even man-made blasts. There are two sorts of seismic waves, essential waves and optional waves. Essential waves, otherwise called P waves or weight waves, are longitudinal pressure waves like the movement of a smooth . Auxiliary waves, or S waves, are more slow than P waves. The movement of auxiliary waves is opposite to the heading of the wave travel, like the movement of energetically shaking a rope