Explain the process of addiction as it is related to the brain (use the terms: reward pathway, tolerance, dopamine)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. This three-pound mass of gray and white matter sits at the center of all human activity—you need it to drive a car, to enjoy a meal, to breathe, to create an artistic masterpiece, and to enjoy everyday activities. The brain regulates your body's basic functions, enables you to interpret and respond to everything you experience, and shapes your behavior. In short, your brain is you—everything you think and feel, and who you are.

Explanation:

How does the brain work?

The brain is often likened to an incredibly complex and intricate computer. Instead of electrical circuits on the silicon chips that control our electronic devices, the brain consists of billions of cells, called neurons, which are organized into circuits and networks. Each neuron acts as a switch controlling the flow of information. If a neuron receives enough signals from other neurons that it is connected to, it fires, sending its own signal on to other neurons in the circuit.

The brain is made up of many parts with interconnected circuits that all work together as a team. Different brain circuits are responsible for coordinating and performing specific functions. Networks of neurons send signals back and forth to each other and among different parts of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves in the rest of the body (the peripheral nervous system).

How do drugs work in the brain?

Image showing a neuron. The neurotransmitter and receptor are called out to show how signals are sent, received and processed through the neuron.

Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and process signals via neurotransmitters. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter in the body. This allows the drugs to attach onto and activate the neurons. Although these drugs mimic the brain’s own chemicals, they don’t activate neurons in the same way as a natural neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal messages being sent through the network.

Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the neurons to release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the normal recycling of these brain chemicals by interfering with transporters. This too amplifies or disrupts the normal communication between neurons.

What parts of the brain are affected by drug use?

Drugs can alter important brain areas that are necessary for life-sustaining functions and can drive the compulsive drug use that marks addiction. Brain areas affected by drug use include:


Related Questions

How do doctors use hemoglobin levels to decide

whether or not someone was blood doping? PLEASE HELP ME!

Answers

Hemoglobin is a protein that is produced by the body that carries oxygen in the read blood cells the more read blood the more hemoglobin you have if the athletes have a high level of hemoglobin on the day of the race than it had ben days or weeks before, to shows that the athlete was blood doping.

25 points!
What are examples of Health Informatics workplaces? Check all that apply.
a home office
a hospital cafeteria
a laboratory in a university
a medical clinic’s front office

Answers

Answer:

a and d on edge 2020

Explanation:

Answer: a and d on edge 2021

What is the best method of prevention for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases?

Answers

Answer: staying up to date on all vaccines.

Explanation:

answer on career safe!

the food we eat is connected to both our emotional and physical health? true or false

Answers

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

It is ture because the healthyer thefood id the better it is for your physical and emotional health.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Does anyone else just want to lay in their bed for ever? like block eveyone put and just stay there till there ready? I feel like im in a never ending cycle since quarantine, alwayd staying home its like wake up school eat sleep over and over again and the only way i will feel better is if i leave the house i domt even have to leave the car just drive! idk im so unmotivated anyone have any tips or something or good workouts?​

Answers

Omg yesss I feel like this almost every week lol

Will give BRAINLIEST!

Read the scenario and answer the question that follows:

Recently William's father was diagnosed with diabetes, which also afflicts his grandmother, his aunt, and one of his cousins. William has decided he wants to get healthy.

What should William do first to help achieve this goal?



A.Throw away all junk food from the pantry
B. Begin an intense exercise program
C. Discuss the importance of diet and exercise with his father
D. Set a more specific goal like lose 10 pounds by the end of the year or exercise every day for at least 20 minutes

Answers

Answer The correct answer is A

Explanation:

Raj has been having an intense and troubling emotional response to stress. He has tried to deal with these feelings on his own but has been unsuccessful, and his social life is suffering greatly.

What is the best step for him to take?

Answers

Answer:

Try asking for help. Perhaps therapy, if Raj has the money. There are way too many unknown  variables to give a good answer.

Answer:

seek help from a trained professional

Explanation:

good luck!

Which of the following is a true statement? (1 point) Group of answer choices a.White bread has more nutrients than whole wheat bread. b.White bread has less sodium than whole wheat bread. c. Whole wheat bread has more calories than white bread. d. Whole wheat bread has more nutrients than white bread.

Answers

Answer: D) whole wheat bread has more nutrients than white bread.

Explanation: I took the test...

The true statement regarding white bread and whole wheat bread is that whole wheat bread has more nutrients than white bread. The correct answer is option d regarding the white bread and whole wheat bread.

What are the benefits of whole grain?

Whole grains are good for the body as they can be easily digested by the enzymes and completely absorbed into the blood. Whole grains contain all parts of the grain, such as the endosperm, bran, and germ, and these parts of the grain contain high amounts of fiber, proteins, carbohydrates, and so on.

Eating whole grains is always recommended by the health expert as these foods lower the risk of cancer and heart disease as they lower the presence of bad cholesterol in the body. Whole grains, such as wheat and rice, are high in nutrients and good for the gut and they are also rich in macronutrients, vitamins, etc.

       

Hence, the truth regarding white bread and whole wheat bread is that whole wheat bread has more nutrients than white bread, which is option d.

Learn more about whole grain here.

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These cells are located in the semicircular canal and vibrate in response to sound. These cells can become damaged due to loud noises and sometimes will die resulting in hearing loss. a vestibule hair cells b cochlea cells c auditory nerves d sensory hair cells

Answers

Answer: The correct option is D (Sensory hair cells)

Explanation:

The ear is one of the sense organs recognised in humans which helps in hearing and for balance maintenance. There are different parts of the ear which includes:

--> the outer ear,

--> the middle ear and

--> the inner ear.

The semicircular canals are made up of three interconnected tubes which are located in the inner part of the ear. It consists of sensory hair cells which vibrates in response to sound.

Sensory hair cells serves as receptors of both auditory and vestibular systems, therefore are necessary for hearing and balancing. These cells can become damaged due to loud noises and sometimes will die resulting in hearing loss.

Lauren's friend asked her to come hang out this weekend with some people from the school tennis team. What question should Lauren ask to protect her health and safety?

What will we be doing? HEL:PPPP
What will you be wearing?
Will I have any fun there?
Will I like the people going?

Answers

A, what will we be doing.

Health: How can the failure to take antibiotics properly pose a risk to other people's health?

Answers

Answer:

Antibiotics will hold back a lot of stuff.

Explanation:

I said that wrong, so I'll try to explain it better. You know when you'd scrape your knee or get a cut and you'd put some antibiotic gel on it so it wouldn't get infected? Antibiotics also work the other way around, meaning they stop the spread of sickness by nullifying it and stopping it from multiplying. So if you don't take the proper antibiotics you'll have a higher chance of spreading it to other people.

Answer:

Campaign it to warn them

Explanation:

The definition of resilience is the ability to find happiness in your life when you smile? True or False?

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

real definition: the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

Im confused on this is need help ASAP please. :3

Please help as soon as possibleee <3

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Plz mark as brainliest!!!

An omega-3 fatty acid is

Answers

Answer:

what is this even about lol kinda funny ig

Explanation:

I came out as gay to my close group of friends and they are really supportive, what are some of your peoples come out stories?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

You already know who you are. Should you tell other people?

It's normal to wonder about coming out (telling people that we're gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender). On the one hand, it might feel like a relief: Friends might be asking questions that you avoid or have trouble answering. On the other hand, you probably think about how your world could change: How will people react? Will the people you tell spread the word to someone you'd prefer didn't know?

There are lots of reasons why people choose to come out. Here are a few:

They're ready to start dating and want close friends and family members to know.

They don't want people making assumptions about them or gossiping.

They're tired of hearing other people use stereotypes or negative labels.

They feel like they're living a lie or not acting true to themselves and want to feel accepted for who they really are.

There are also plenty of reasons why people decide not to come out, such as:

They're not yet sure about who they are or how they feel. They're still trying to figure things out for themselves.

They feel that topics like sexual orientation or gender are private and see no reason to talk about them.

They're afraid they'll face bullying, harassment, discrimination, or even violence.

Their families don't know, and they worry about what might happen if parents or siblings find out.

Coming out can be a little trickier in our teens because we depend on parents or other adults for our care and well-being. Some people live in places where being LGBT is accepted. It's easier for them to come out because they're more likely to get support from family and friends. Others realize their family or social environments aren't supportive and choose to wait until they're living on their own.

Most people come out gradually. They start by telling a counselor or a few close friends or family. A lot of people tell a counselor or therapist because they want to be sure their information stays private. Some call an LGBT support group so they can have help working through their feelings about identity or coming out.

When Friends Influence Us

As kids, our lives center around family. But in middle school and high school, we start exploring new interests outside our families. We deepen our bonds with friends. This is a natural step in discovering who we are and becoming more independent.

These new friendships and experiences can be a lot for our brains to take in. Our minds might look for shortcuts by sorting people into groups. It's one reason why people form cliques. We might find ourselves thinking stuff like: "Brian is a real theatre kid. I like being around him because he's so creative and open to trying new things." Or, "Sara's so nerdy. She'll always be my friend from elementary school, but we don't have much in common anymore."

Putting people into categories is a normal part of figuring out where we fit in and what's important to us. But there are downsides to this kind of thinking: It leads us to assume things that might not be true.

If friends make assumptions about your sexuality, they might encourage you to come out — even if you're not sure yourself. Your friends might mean well. But they also could be trying to categorize and understand you, even if they don't realize they're doing it. You might feel pressured. You might think, "I'm not really sure, but maybe she knows me better than I do." Or, "He's being really supportive. I'm sure he'll be there for me if things get tough."

It's easy to get swept along by what others think you should do — whether those people are friends or well-meaning adults. But the truth is, no one knows better than you. Coming out is a very personal decision. You have to be ready.

Deciding to come out requires a lot of thought and planning so you can feel in control no matter what happens: Will the friend who says he's there for you stand by you if you get bullied? If you ask a teacher to keep your information private, what will you do if word gets back to your family?

pls mark me as brainliest

Answer:

when i came out my uncle took it as an opportunity and every thanksgiving he would stay the night and sneak into my room and you know the rest...

Explanation:

when i came out my uncle took it as an opportunity and every thanksgiving he would stay the night and sneak into my room and you know the rest...

Samantha wants to buy fruit that has a longer shelf life in order to make low-calorie smoothies every morning. Which form of fruit would be BEST for Samantha to purchase?
Frozen, canned, dried, or fresh?
Whoever answers first gets brainliest!

Answers

Answer:

frozen

Explanation:

i make lots of smoothies hehe :)

Describe the differences between a PAR-Q,medical,screenning ,medical evaluation,and exercise stress test​

Answers

Answer:

A PAR-Q is the only written test, the rest must be performed with a medical professional. All are used to determine physical fitness levels and capabilities.

If two objects of unequal mass collide, both objects will continue to move in the direction of __________.
A.
the smaller object's momentum
B.
the larger object's momentum
C.
the smaller object's resistance
D.
the larger object's resistance


Please select the best answer from the choices provided.

A
B
C
D

Answers

Answer:

 B. larger object momentum

Explanation:

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Which behavior would most likely have a positive influence on body image?

Answers

Answer:

A healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet and exercise, can contribute to a positive body image.

Explanation:

hope that helps you

working out , eating healthy , and getting a lot of protein and vitamins
hope this helps and i would appreciate if u could make me brainliest

It is best to eat within an hour of exercising.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
Т
F

Answers

Your answer is true .

Can someone check my answers? PLZZ

Answers

It looks good to me

Select all that apply. Human papillomaviruses cause: genital cancers HIV genital warts dementia

Answers

Answer:

genital warts

genital cancers

Explanation:

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease that is common around the world. These causes genital warts that may or may not go away on its own. It doesn't necessarily mean that having an HPV can immediately lead to genital cancer like cervical cancer. Thus, it is very important to have a Pap Smear every 3 years if you're sexually active in order to detect cancer in the cervix at an early stage.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is also a sexually transmitted disease but it is not related to HPV.

Remember that HPV may also cause cancer in the throat, head and neck (other than the genital area).

Which of the following describes that happens when inspiration occurs?

Answers

Answer:

The first phase is called inspiration, or inhaling. When the lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. At the same time, the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside.

Explanation

;)

How you treat people and get along with them is _____.

A) not always important
B) only necessary for romantic relationships
C) typically a difficult thing to do well
D) important when working in groups

Answers

D) important when working in groups

Answer:

D is ur answer!!

¿importancia de una alimentación adecuada teniendo en cuenta lo que nos recomienda las Guías Alimentarias del Paraguay. Para así prevenir riesgos de enfermedades prevenibles?

Answers

Answer:

Las guias alimentarias del Paraguay hablan sobre la buena alimentacion en relacion a la prevencion de enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles como la obesidad o diabetes miellitus.

Explanation:

La alimentacion debe ser balanceada y saludable de acuerdo al gasto energetico de cada persona, su metabolismo basal y tener en relacion en caso de que la persona padezca de una enfermedad sistemica. Es asi como la nutricion recomienda dietas balanceadas ESPECIFICAMENTE para cada paciente, si esta dieta balanceada se cumple se inhiben las enfermedades cronicas nos transmisibles, ya que el deterioro de los tejidos es menor.

Someone please help me

Answers

Answer:

C.) Botulism

Explanation:

Please select ALL of the safety issues you need to be aware of when re-entering your home:
Question 2 options: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY NOT 1

A. Family Pets


B. Slippery Floors


C. Broken Glass


D. Gas Leaks

Answers

C and D are the answers

Answer asap! 15 points FOOD BORNE ILLNESS OUTBREAK

What were the recommendations after the outbreak?

Why do you think these recommendations were made?

Answers

The specific recommendations made after a foodborne illness outbreak depends on the cause of the outbreak and the nature of the illness. However, some common recommendations after foodborne illness outbreaks include:

Some Recommendations

Improving food handling practices, such as regularly washing hands and cooking food to appropriate temperatures.

Strengthening food safety regulations and inspection processes.

Increasing public education and awareness about food safety.

These recommendations are made to prevent the spread of illness and reduce the risk of future outbreaks. By improving food handling practices, regulations, and education, health authorities aim to ensure the safety of the food supply and protect public health.

Read more about food borne illness here:

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3. What health resources are available at your school? List at least three. a)
b)
c)
4. In what circumstances would you use each resource at your school? a)
b)
c)

Answers

individual and group counseling;
support groups for students and parents;
crisis prevention and intervention;
home visits;
social-developmental assessments;
parent education and training;
professional case management;
information and referral;
Doctor care. A doctor may visit a patient at home to diagnose and treat the illness(es). ...
Nursing care. ...
Physical, occupational, and/or speech therapy. ...
Medical social services. ...
Care from home health aides. ...
Homemaker or basic assistance care. ...
Companionship. ...
Volunteer care.
School health programs are said to be one of the most efficient strategies that a nation might use to prevent major health and social problems. ... Good health facilitates children's growth, development, and optimal learning, while education contributes to children's knowledge about being healthy.
The healthcare system offers four broad types of services: health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and rehabilitation. Health promotion services help clients reduce the risk of illness, maintain optimal function, and follow healthy lifestyles.

A)
1- room for children’s sick
2- doctor available at all hours
3- needed medicine or treatment
B)
1-sickness
2-school hours
3-bad feeling

Hope this helps :)
Some health resources that are available at schools are nursing, and counseling.

The study of anatomy may help you gain a greater appreciation for your body because you learn how all the parts interact with one another.
A.
True
B.
False

Answers

Answer:

A. True

Explanation:

You WILL gain appreciation for your body if you learn how it works!

i think it’s A. true
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(c) What is the value of p if 4x + 20x + p is aperfect square describe a city in the german language Why do you think the quality of life does not have any absolute measurement yard stick? Explain with examples 2/v+1/w+1/2 solve for v What is the solution to this inequality?4x + 2 5 -14 or 3x-5 > 16OA.X3-4 or x>7OB.-45x8OD.x=-4 The following scale drawing was made for a home that is for sale. Use this information to answer the problem.A.)1 in. by 1.5 in.B.)36 in. by 54 in.C.)2 in. by 3 in.D.)18 in. by 27 in. Click below for question! THANKS FOR ALL YOUR HELP GUYS! Which equation is equivalent to 4 - 6(3 - 2x) = 3(x - 4)?a. 15x= -2 b. 5x=-10 c. 9x=2 d. 15x=2 DUE 10:00 PM HELP ASAP. When Sarah left your house this morning her cell phone was 80% charged and then it started to lose 8% charge for each hour there after write an equation for B in terms of tea representing the charge remaining in series battery as percentage tea hours after Sara left her house Hey can any of yall give me a short summary of the battle of hastings please? "21st century education is indispensable at present scenario of the world" elaborate your idea about the statement by comparing it with the conventional way of learning. [write at least 250 words] i will troll ur onlince class , give me information A. Write the spelling word that best completes each sentence.1. Be careful in the kitchen because theis hot.2. The windy storm hasaway my umbrella!3. I had aof energy and cleaned my room.4. Did the system restart andup yet?5. Myfollows me when the sun is out.6. I will be filled withwhen summer is over.7. The small boy could reach that shelf because it was8. The soccer player made aright before the buzzer.9. The rubberof my sneaker keeps me from slipping.10. There wason the bathroom ceiling from all the humid air. Fill in the blank with the correct conjugation of the verb in parentheses.Yo _____ (aprender) espaol.-aprendes-aprendo-aprende-aprendemos Examine the following situations. Decide whether the search violates the Fourth Amendment. Explain your decisions.A. The police see Dell standing at a bus stop in an area known for drug dealing. They stop and search him, finding drugs in his pocket.B.) After Brandon checks out of a hotel, the police ask the hotel manager to turn over the contents of the wastebasket, where they find notes planning a murder.C.)Jills ex-boyfriend breaks into her apartment and looks through her desk for love letters. Instead he finds drugs, which he gives to the police. i hated studying grammar when I was in school. how does the phrase studying grammar function? WILL MARK brainiest answer what is 22.680 rounded Today, everything at a store is on sale. The store offers a 20% discount.a. The regular price of a T-shirt is $18. What is the discount price?Type the answer in the box below.$ b. If the regular price of an item is x dollars, what is the discount price in dollars?Type the correct expression in the box below.$$c. The discount price of a hat is $18. What is the regular price?Type the answer in the box below.$ (8.4C) Ken has a weekly goal for the number ofcalories he will burn by taking brisk walks. Theequation y = -300x + 2400 represents thenumber of calories, y, Ken has left to burn afterx hours of walking. What is the slope in thissituation?