From the time of the ancient Romans, through the Middle Ages, and until the late nineteenth century, it was generally accepted that some life forms arose spontaneously from non-living matter. Such "spontaneous generation" appeared to occur primarily in decaying matter. For example, a seventeenth century recipe for the spontaneous production of mice required placing sweaty underwear and wheat in an open-mouthed jar, then waiting for about 21 days, during which time it was alleged that the sweat from the underwear would penetrate the husks of wheat, creating mice.
Experiment #4:
The first serious attack on the idea of spontaneous generation was made in 1668 by Francesco Redi, an Italian physician and poet. At that time, it was widely held that maggots arose spontaneously in rotting meat. Redi believed that maggots developed from eggs laid by flies.
Place yourself in the role of Francesco Redi. Design an experiment that will test this idea. Remember, you are challenging an idea that has been accepted for hundreds of years! You must follow the scientific method closely, account for all variables, and carefully document your procedure to have a chance at disproving this
theory!

#14. state a hypothesis. remember to include the variable you are testing and a prediction of the effects of this variable.

#15. write a step by step procedure for this experiment. include an experimental group and a control group. remember that every variable should be held constant between your two groups except the one your testing. this even includes exposure to air.

Answer:

1.)The ability to extract DNA is of primary importance to studying the genetic causes of disease and for the development of diagnostics and drugs. It is also essential for carrying out forensic science, sequencing genomes, detecting bacteria and viruses in the environment and for determining paternity.

One molecule of dietary glucose is oxidized through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in order to generate a maximum of 32 molecules of ATP. Then 2/32 of this energy is lost when the glucose is stored as glycogen before it is catabolized.

If a dietary glucose is provided directly into the glycolysis pathways, a total of 32 molecules of the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are produced per molecule of glucose. Glycolysis provides a total production of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.

Although the citric acid cycle (CAC) produces an additional 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. Oxidative Phosphorylation provide total of 28 ATP from the products of glucose catabolism. So, 32 molecules of ATP are produced in this way. A cell could even store dietary glucose for later use, in the form of glycogen.

However, In this pathway, 1 ATP is consumed to produce G1P (glucose-1-phosphate), and then it reacts with UTP (uridine triphosphate) to produce a  UDP-glucose (uridine-diphospho-glucose). This step indirectly consumes ATP in form of a UTP substrate. 2 molecules of ATP consumed per molecule of glucose added to a glycogen polymer.

Therefore, If two molecules of ATP are consumed for storing glucose as glycogen. So, 6.25% or 2/32 of the energy stored as glucose is lost when it is stored as a glycogen.

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Behavioral and antennal responses of drosophila suzukii Diptera Drosophilidae to volatiles from fruit extracts. environ. Entomol.

Drosophila melanogaster, recognized colloquially because the fruit fly stays one of the most usually used model organisms for biomedical science. For multiple hundred years,

Drosophila is derived from the Greek phrase drósos method dew loving. They belong to the Droso Aphididae family and are maximum regularly called fruit flies or regularly called vinegar, wine, or pomace flies. Their fundamental distinguishing individual is to stay on fruits, which are ripped or rotten.

Drosophila has the most effective 4 pairs of chromosomes which might be smooth to examine. The Drosophila genome is considerably homologous to that of the human genome which makes the have a look at certain genes less difficult.

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Answer:

you're doing great!

Explanation:

you've actually answered 1-3 perfectly! for 4, try mentioning the leaves, stem, and height!

for 5, most seeds need the same thing - sunlight, the correct temperature, water, and oxygen; if your text mentions something specific from those, then write it down. if your text doesn't mention anything, simply writing "water, warm temperature, sunlight, and oxygen" should be fine!

Answer:

The body uses three main nutrients to function 

carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

These nutrients are digested into simpler compounds. Carbohydrates are used for energy (glucose). Fats are used for energy after they are broken into fatty acids. Protein can also be used for energy, but the first job is to help with making hormones, muscle, and other proteins.

Answer:

D is not a characteristic of populations

Explanation:

Populations are one species in a defined area, not all.

The one that is not a characteristic of the population is they consist of all the species in a defined area. The correct option is D.

The human population has grown enormously. It has primarily accomplished this by producing a surplus of food and learning how to deal with illness. The fastest growth occurred between 1955 and 1975.

This is a term that refers to the human population that lives in a specific geographical area. The map depicts the concentration of the human population on the planet from all of the continents depicted.

A population pyramid is a diagram that depicts the total number of organisms that are successfully living and interacting with one another in a specific location at a given time. As a result, the population pyramid predicts that the population is increasing.

Therefore, the correct option is D. They consist of all the species in a defined area.

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Answer:

the gods would influence nature to help them

Explanation:

The animal sacrifices were made to the gods so that the gods would influence nature to help them. They believed that when things were going bad for them such as crops not growing, or rain not falling for an extended period of time, it meant that the gods were angry. In order to please them, the Mesopotamians would sacrifice an animal in the name of their gods to please them. They believed if the gods were happy they would influence nature to help produce food in their lands so that they can harvest and survive.

The significance of excretion, reproduction and irritability in living organisms is that they collectively aid in the survival of living organisms.

Living organisms are organisms that have life in them. The characteristics that distinguishes living things from non-living things are as follows:

According to this question, the significance of the aforementioned characteristics of living organisms is as follows:

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Answer:

The characteristics of living organisms are:

(i) Growth and development- Young organisms (plants and animals) grow and develop into adults.

(ii) Movement- Animals exhibit a wide range of movements.

(iii) Reproduction- The biological process by which new organisms (offsprings) are produced from organisms of the same kind.

(iv) Respiration- Oxygen is used for the oxidation of food and carbon dioxide is produced.

(v) Responsiveness- All living organisms respond to light, heat and the changes around them.

(vi) Excretion- The process by which metabolic wastes and other non-useful, toxic wastes such as faeces are eliminated from an organism is called excretion. Plants also remove their wastes.

(vii) Adaptation- Changes in the structure or behaviour of an organism that allow it to survive in a particular habitat are called adaptations.

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Answer: teeth.

Explanation:

Answer:

Structure Z is the cell wall and is very strong. It keeps out pathogens because of its thick layer

Explanation:

Answer:

.

Explanation:

Biomass decreases as you move up because there is a larger amount of producers than of carnivores at the upper trophic levels.

The activation by concanavalin A Con A of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in the presence of monocytes as accessory cells were once investigated in cultures uncovered to microgravity prerequisites in Spacelab. Activation of T cells used to be measured as the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma, and expression of IL-2 receptors. Whereas, as observed in earlier experiments, the activation of resuspended T cells is strongly inhibited, activation of cells attached to microcarrier beads is greater than doubled in microgravity. The results suggest that the depression of the activation in resuspended cells may also be attributed to a malfunction of monocytes performing as accessory cells. Though the ultrastructure of resuspended monocytes is now not altered in microgravity, the secretion of IL-1 is strongly inhibited. Our data propose that (1) IL-2 is produced independently of IL-1, (2) IL-1 production is brought about only when monocytes (and lymphocytes?) adhere to microcarriers, (3) the expression of IL-2 receptors depends on IL-1, and (4) furnished enough IL-1 is available, activation is better in microgravity. Finally, cultures of resuspended PBLs and monocytes in microgravity represent a whole and natural gadget in which monocytes are now not operational. This can also be beneficial for research of the position of accent cells and cell-cell interactions in T lymphocyte activation.

A lymphocyte is a kind of white blood cell. Enlarge. Blood cells. Blood consists of many types of cells: white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), pink blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. Blood circulates through the body in the arteries and veins.

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Answer:

Spindles

Explanation:

brainliest?

Answer:

mitotic spindle

Explanation:

Answer:

a

Explanation:

A set of malignancies known as myelodysplastic syndromes (also known as myelodysplasia) prevent your blood stem cells from developing into healthy blood cells.

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Answer:

false and chemical

Explanation:

Answer:

1 t 2 physcal

Explanation:

Answer:

0.31m/s

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Wavelength  = 3.7cm

Frequency  = 8.4Hz

Unknown:

Speed of the wave  = ?

Solution:

The speed of a wave is the product of its wavelength and frequency. It is mathematically expressed as;

        Speed of the wave  = Frequency x Wavelength

Convert cm to m;

          100cm  = 1 m

            3.7cm  = 0.037m

 Now,

     Speed of the wave  = 8.4 x 0.037  = 0.31m/s

Answer: This evidence reveals what our planet was like long ago. Fossils also show how animals changed over time and how they are related to one another.

Explanation:

The discussion of cleavage stimulating factor 64 depletion mitigates cardiac fibrosis through alternative polyadenylation is given in below paragraph-

By cleaving the poly(A) sequence and adding it at various polyadenylation sites (PAS) in the 3′UTR, alternative polyadenylation (APA) controls the expression of genes and creates transcript isoforms of various lengths. Cleavage Stimulating Factor 64 (CstF64) is an APA regulator that affects PAS choice and controls 3′UTR length. The 3′UTR is shortened as a result of CstF64's preference for the usage of proximal PAS, which improves the stability of the target genes while also improving protein expression. The purpose of this study is to look at the involvement of CstF64 in cardiac fibrosis, a significant occurrence that results in heart failure. By measuring distal PAS (dPAS) utilization in left ventricular (LV) tissues and cardiac fibroblasts from HF, we were able to assess the expression of CstF64, essential profibrotic genes, and their 3′UTR alterations.

By measuring the distal PAS (dPAS) utilization in cardiac fibroblasts and left ventricular (LV) tissues from HF patients, we were able to assess the expression of CstF64, important profibrotic genes, and their 3′UTR alterations. In addition to enhanced fibrosis gene expression, such as COL1A and FN1, and considerable 3′UTR shortening, CstF64 was elevated in HF LV tissues and cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, HF cardiac fibroblasts displayed elevated TGF-R1 expression, which is associated with a notable reduction in TGF-R1 length. Our research reveals that CstF64 plays a significant role in myofibroblast activation and the promotion of cardiac fibrosis during HF via APA. Therefore, restricting RNA processing by CstF64-mediated approaches in human HF may offer a new therapeutic treatment approach.

Cardiac fibrosis often refers to an excessive buildup of extracellular matrix in the cardiac muscle, but the word may also refer to an aberrant thickening of the heart valves brought on by unsuitable cardiac fibroblast growth. As heart failure progresses, fibrotic cardiac muscle becomes stiffer and less flexible. Although a specific process of valvular pathology is highlighted in the explanation that follows, there are additional causes of valve pathology and cardiac muscle fibrosis.

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The discovery of microbes as discrete entities sharing many of the characteristics of larger plants and animals was made possible by the development of microscope.

This is referred to an instrument which is commonly used in the laboratory to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the na-ked eyes. It does this by the process of enlargement of the objects and it brought about new discoveries about plants and animals.

It made the organelles present in cells to be more visible and their similarities and differences were noted which were also compared to that of microbes so as to find out their common ancestry.

This is therefore the reason why discovery of microbes as discrete entities sharing many of the characteristics of larger plants and animals was made possible by the instrument.

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Answer:

in an athlete that os blood doping there wooed be more oxygen absorbed-by the read blood cells and will get less

Blood doping frequently results in an increase in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. An oxygen-carrying protein found in blood is called hemoglobin. The red blood cells of an athlete who uses blood doping should absorb more oxygen and will get less.

Blood doping is a type of doping in which more red blood cells are added to the bloodstream to improve sports performance.

An athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance can be enhanced by having more of these blood cells, since they transport oxygen from the lungs to the muscles.

Athletes in a range of endurance sports, such as swimming, cycling, and skiing, use blood doping.

Some people view the use of plasma injections by athletes in other sports as a sort of blood doping because they help them recover physically faster between competitions.

Therefore, amount of oxygen absorbed by the cells be different in an athlete who is blood doping, compared to a normal athlete.

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Answer:

If a DNA molecule has 30% Adenine the percentage of the other bases is Thymine: 30% Cytosine: 20% Guanine: 20%.

Explanation:

When the percentage that a base has in a DNA molecule is given, the percentage of the other bases can be known using the Chargaff's base pair rule.

A DNA molecule has the information of the genome of a living being, according to a specific sequence of its nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.

Chargaff was able to establish that in a DNA molecule the ratio of purine : pyrimidine of 1:1, so there must be the same amount of thymine as adenine and a similar amount of guanine for the cytosine, taking into account the complementarity of bases.

Taking into account the law of the base pair, if in a DNA chain there is 30% of Adenine, in the molecule there is:

In this case, the Chargaff rule is useful to determine the percentage of nitrogenous bases that exist in a DNA molecule, knowing the percentage of a single base.

Answer: The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells

Explanation:

Genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells is the event represented in the diagram.

Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, it ranges widely from the number of species to differences within species and can be attributed to the span of survival for a species.

Moreover, genetic Diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species. In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits. Genetic diversity is critical for a population to adapt to changing environments.

Hence, mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation. Another source is gene flow, or the movement of genes between different groups of organisms.

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The energy for muscle contraction comes from the metabolism of food.

The law of conservation of energy tells us that energy can not be created or destroyed, is transformed. Applying this law for the muscle contraction, this energy cannot come from nothing. Then the energy generated from food (glucose, fatty acids, proteins) will be transported, mainly glucose, to the muscle cell and will be transformed into a metabolite for the use of this energy in muscle contraction.

Thanks to this metabolite, ATP, the muscle is able to contract and give way to the displacement of myofilaments. Apart from providing energy, ATP will also be a regulator of the contraction process together with other elements such as calcium and magnesium, thus demonstrating the importance of the presence of energy.

Therefore, we can confirm that the energy for muscle contraction comes from the metabolism of food.

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Answer:

according to whether the "activity disturbance"

Explanation:

brainest plz

Answer:

dunno  tbh g

Explanation:

Answer:

im pretty sure its

Frying an egg in a skillet

Explanation:

im so sry if im wrong have a good day/night (: