Answer:
The correct answer is option b, that is, a modification in the target of DNA gyrase, is an illustration of acquired resistance.
Explanation:
The activity of DNA gyrase gets inhibit by fluoroquinolones. The enzyme that combines with the DNA and prevents its supercoiling at the time of replication is termed as DNA gyrase. It is a heterotetramer, which is formed of two subunits of GyrA and two subunits of GyrB. Due to the mutation in gene gyrA, the development of resistance takes place in N. gonorrhea against fluoroquinolones.
Post mutation, gyrA exhibits lesser binding capacity with the fluoroquinolones, and thus, the development of resistance takes place within the bacteria against the fluoroquinolones. The phenomenon of the development of resistance taking place in any microbe against the specific antimicrobial agent for whom it was vulnerable before is termed as acquired resistance, thus, the given case is an illustration of acquired resistance.
Some parts of the worlds rainforests haven’t been studied closely, and may contain species of plants which have benefits for humans. ‘Suggest and explain uses of stem cells taken from the meristem of a new species of plant.’
To determine the similarity of stem cells of one species of plant with that of another: By determining the similarity between the stem cells taken from two different species, it can be identified whether there is a possibility of clowning, of giving birth to new and improved species of plants that are beneficial for mankind, or that of interchanging the stem cells to boost up or slow down the growth of the plants. To determine whether the stem cells can be altered and reintroduced to make the plants grow in a specified manner: By altering and modifying the stem cells and reintroducing them back again, it is possible to restrict the growth of the plant to a specific size or shape. This trait of the stem cells can be used to make the plantation possible in compact areas as well as to grow the plants in the desired shapes.
To determine whether the speed of division of cells at the roots and appendages of the plant can be modified: By restricting or boosting the speed of the division of meristem cells using modified stem cells, the plant can be made to grow faster in a specific season and slower in another. This feature can be used to lower the vulnerability of the plant species towards various natural weathering actions.
Stem cells extracted from the meristem can be precisely examined for their effectiveness against illnesses that harm portions of the plants such as the roots, shoots, and appendages to ascertain the resistance against various plant diseases.
What is meristem?They can thus also be utilized to rebuild the damaged plant tissues if the newly discovered species becomes extinct.
It can be determined whether there is a chance of clowning, or of giving birth to new and improved species of plants that are beneficial to mankind.
Therefore, Stem cells extracted from the meristem can be precisely examined for their effectiveness against illnesses that harm portions of the plants such as the roots, shoots, and appendages to ascertain the resistance against various plant diseases.
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Which of the following is an example of protein denaturation?
Choose 1 answer:
A) Amino acids fold into repeating patterns due to hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone.
B) Several amino acids are joined together via peptide bonds.
C) A protein binds with a substrate, lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
D) A protein is exposed to extremely high heat, causing it to lose its secondary structure and be
left with only its primary structure.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Denaturation occurs when the protein deforms and loses its structure.
According to the question, A protein is exposed to extremely high heat, causing it to lose its secondary structure and be left with only its primary structure.
What is protein denaturation and how does it happen?A protein becomes denatured when its normal shape gets deformed because some of the hydrogen bonds are broken.
Weak hydrogen bonds break when too much heat is applied or when they are exposed to an acid.
Thus, option "D" is correct.
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You discover a new alien race that you decide to call the PAMMARIANS. They are different from us in that they have three sexes, called Q, R, and S. All three sexes must fuse their gametes to form a new PAMMARIAN (and you thought dating on the Earth was hardi). They have nuclear DNA and extrachromosomal organelles, similar to mitochondria, called MITOCHLORIANS, which have their own DNA. The R gender is like human females (they donate the cytoplasm during the mating). Q and S do NOT donate cytoplasm during mating, like human males. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. In a mating, if only the Q gender individual has a mitochlorian DNA mutation that causes a phenotype, the offspring WILL HAVE a mitochlorian mutant phenotype.
B. In a mating, if the S and a genders have a mitochlorian DNA mutation, the offspring will be mutant as well.
C. In a mating, if only the R gender individual has a mitochlorian DNA mutation that causes a phenotype, the offspring will have NO mitochlorian mutant phenotype.
D. In a mating, if only the gender individual has a mitochlorian DNA mutation that causes a phenotype, the offspring WILL HAVE a mitochlorian mutant phenotype.
E. In a mating, if only the Q gender individual has a mitochlorian DNA mutation that causes a phenotype, the offspring will have NO mitochlorian mutant phenotype.
Answer:
Option E
Explanation:
In a mating, if only the Q gender individual has a mitochlorian DNA mutation that causes a phenotype, the offspring will have NO mitochlorian mutant phenotype.
It was discovered that an offspring always inherits the mothers mitochondrion DNA including all its defects and not from the father as the mother contributes the bulk of the cytoplasm. Thus, since the gender female is R, if she possess a mutant mitochorlian DNA, the offspring will exhibit that mutant phenotype as care to Q and S that cant pass their mutation on.
Question 17
Cancer is a disease in which some cells lose their ability
to control which of the following?
A
size
B
sister chromatids
C
rate of division
D
surface area
Answer:
rate of division
Explanation:
In normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signaling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates its DNA and divides. In cancer, as a result of genetic mutations, this regulatory process malfunctions, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Cancer is a disease in which some cells lose their ability to control rate of division. The correct option is C.
What is cancer?Cancer is the body's unchecked proliferation of aberrant cells. When the body's natural control system malfunctions, cancer might emerge.
Instead of dying, old cells proliferate uncontrollably to produce new, aberrant cells. These excess cells could aggregate into a tissue mass known as a tumour.
Genes, the fundamental building blocks of inheritance, can change in ways that result in cancer.
Chromosomes are long, tightly packed DNA strands where genes are organised. Since genes that determine how our cells behave, particularly how they grow and divide, are altered, cancer is a genetic disease.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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3. How do genes control the functioning of cells and our characteristics?
Answer:
A gene is a short section of DNA. your genes contain instructions that tell your cells to make molecules called protein
Answer:
Basically gene produces a functional product such as a protein which regulates the functioning of our cells via carrying out different processess.
Explanation:
Genes are short segments of our DNA that code for functional products such as proteins. Proteins basically do everything in your cells and your phenotype (what you look like and how you cells behave) everything is controlled by these functional products that a gene makes.
A young man who works on a ranch and lives in the log bunkhouse experiences sudden fever with muscle aches. A few days later he begins to cough and have difficulty breathing, and goes to an urgent care clinic. His blood pressure is low. A blood sample reveals a low platelet count. A Gram stain of a sputum sample shows only a few small bacteria present. Which of the following is the most likely infecting agent?
A) Bacillus anthracis
B) Hantavirus
C) Histoplasma capsulatum
D) influenza
E) Mycoplasma pneumonia
Answer:
The correct answer is: B) Hantavirus.
Explanation:
Hantavirus is an infectious disease caused by a family of viruses that exist in rodents such as rats. These viruses can either cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), especially in the Americas; or Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), which is most common in Europe and Asia.
The young man described has symptoms that match the common symptoms of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, such as fever and muscle aches (known as the 'early symptoms'), as also coughing and having difficulty breathing (known as the 'late symptoms'). Some of these symptoms can easily be confused with Influenza, but the shortness of breath and the fact that the patient has a history of working and living in a rural environment suggest Hantavirus.
HPS also produces a low platelet count and high white cell count.
Infection by Bacillus anthracis is uncommon, plus the lack of symptoms that match the disease (such as a sore throat) and the existence of muscle aches in the patient (which does not match Anthrax) can help discard this option.
Histoplasma capsulatum is a fungus that can cause lung infection when its spores are inhaled. Its symptoms are similar to HPS but with the addition of red bumps in the legs and joint pain, not muscle aches.
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a bacteria that produces pneumonia. Most of its symptoms match the patient except for the lack of a sore throat.
Following Dietary Guidelines
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which foods should you increase and decrease within your diet?
Sort each food into the appropriate category
Foods to Increase
Foods to Decrease
bacon
salty snacks
salmon
wheat bread
vegetables
sugary drinks
Pls help. I’ll give you brainiest
Answer:
Foods to Increase:
- salmon
- wheat bread
- vegetables
Foods to Decrease:
- bacon
- salty snacks
- sugary drinks
Explanation:
I don't really know how to explain the answers, hope that helped anyway : )
Samples of the octapeptide AVGWRVKS are subjected to proteolytic cleavage by either trypsin or chymotrypsin. Select the most appropriate technique for separating the digestion products of AVGWRVKS if cleaved by trypsin. salting out gel‑filtration chromatography dialysis ion‑exchange chromatography Select the most appropriate technique for separating the digestion products of AVGWRVKS if cleaved by chymotrypsin.
A. dialysis
B. gel‑filtration chromatography
C. ion‑exchange chromatography
D. salting out
Answer:
If cleaved by trypsin you will need to do gel-filtration, if cleaved by chymotrypsin you will need to do ion-exchange.
Explanation:
1. What are the two types of digestion?
Answer:
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Explanation:
Food is physically broken into smaller parts. For instance, by chewing.
Food is broken down by acids and enzymes into its basic units.
. If Haily is analyzing samples of chromosomes under a microscope which feature would help her categorize the different samples? A. Genetic makeup B. Arm length C. Shape D. Centromere placement E. None of the above
Answer:
B. Arm length
C. Shape
D. Centromere placement
Explanation:
Cytogenetics is a discipline that study the structure and number of chromosomes including their morphology, position of the centromere, arm length, staining bands, etc. These features can be observed by microscope and enable us to identify different genome rearrangements (i.e., translocations, deletions, centric fusion, chromosome duplications, etc.) by ilustrating chromosomes in defined pictures referred to as karyotypes. In consequence, they are chromosome features that can be used in order to categorize different samples.
In this lecture you learned that due to ___________descent, organisms share many of the same genes and proteins. However, distantly related organisms have _______ DNA differences than closely related organisms.
Answer:
evolutionary
more
Explanation:
In this lecture you learned that due to evolutionary descent, organisms share many of the same genes and proteins. However, distantly related organisms have more DNA differences than closely related organisms.
Organic evolution general refers to the descents, with modification, of organisms from common ancestors. Hence, organisms that share the same ancestors share several similar genes and proteins due to their common lineage. The closer the organisms, the more similar their genes and proteins, and the distant the organisms, the more dissimilar their genes.
Someone pls help me to understand what the lock and key theory is for how enzymes work. (use diagrams if it helps)
Answer:
according to this theory both enzymes and substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another.This model explains specificity.
general example when we open the door of our house we use a specific key to open the door not all keys will open the door of our house.In this example the key is substrate and the door or lock is the enzyme that fits into specific substrate.
Your phylogenetic analysis resulted in 100 equally optimal trees and you would like to summarize the results showing only clades that are found in all trees. Therefore, you would use the:______
a. Majority rule consensus algorithm
b. Strict consensus algorithm
c. Adams consensus algorithm
d. The bootstrap algorithm
Answer:
The correct answer is option B.
Explanation:
Strict consensus algorithm is the most restrictive approach that includes only that components that are shared by all the members of the group. In the strict consensus tree only those trees would be considered shared clades by all the trees.
The clades must be exact same or replicated in all the trees in this type of algorithm to analysis of the phylogenetic group. A 100% threshold in support leads to the Strict consensus trees algorithm.
Thus, the correct answer is : option B.
Polypeptides are chains of amino acids linked together in a specific order.
What type of bonds are formed between these amino acids?
Choose 1 answer:
Peptide bonds
Glycosidic linkages
Hydrogen bonds
Ester linkage
Answer: peptide bonds
Explanation:
A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water.
This is a dehydration synthesis reaction (also known as a condensation reaction), and usually occurs between amino acids.
Which of the following body parts has striped muscles?
Answer:
Heart
Explanation:
A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how
the cell could be classified?
Answer: The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts. A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria.
Explanation:
Answer:
The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts. A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria.
Explanation:
Just took the test 2020
The goal of applied behavior analysis is to __________.
Answer:
To establish and enhance socially important behaviors.
Explanation:
This is a form of therapy that helps individuals improve on certain important behaviors which affects our daily life. We are likely to socialize and it’s imperative to have the necessarily social skills or behavior.These behaviors include punctuality,social, communication and learning skills etc.
The main aim of applied behavior analysis is to establish and enhance socially important behaviors.
Place the following generation of action potential steps in order:
1) sodium channels are inactivated.
2) voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.
3) sodium channels regain their normal properties.
4) a graded depolarization brings an area of excitable membrane to the threshold.
5) a temporary hyperpolarization occurs.
6) sodium channel activation occurs.7) sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs.
Answer: 6) sodium channel activation occurs.
4)a graded depolarization brings an area of excitable membrane to the threshold.
7) sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs.
1)sodium channels are inactivated.
2) voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.
3) sodium channels regain their normal properties.
5) a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
Explanation:
action potential occurs when the differences in the concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a cellular membrane lead to a voltage of a specific cell location rapidly rises and falls.
The steps involved in this generation are;
First of all the sodium-gated channel activation occurs due to inflow of Na, this is called depolarization. A graded depolarization brings an area of excitable membrane to the threshold. More sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs. After which the sodium channels are inactivated due to the opening of voltage-regulated potassium channels and potassium moves out of the cell, returning it to it initial resting phase initiating repolarization. sodium channels regain their normal properties. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs which is a transient negative shift after an action potential occurs.
How N-formylmethionine (fMet) is only associated with the 5' AUG initiation codon and not with internal AUG codons, given that methionine in both cases in encoded by an AUG in the mRNA.
Answer:
Different transfer RNAs (tRNAs) selectively bind to N-terminal and internal AUG codons of bacterial polypeptides .
Explanation:
In prokaryotic organisms, N-formylmethionine (fMet) is coded by the start codon (AUG), thereby generating the most N-terminal residue of bacterial proteins. This residue (fMet) is a modified methionine amino acid that contains attached a formyl group to its amino group. Remarkably, it has been shown that formylmethionyl-tRNA only can bind to this initial AUG codon, while methionyl-tRNA binds to internal AUG codons.
both ethanol and glycine are small molecules of approximately equal molecular weight. However, ethanol is much more membrane permeable than glycine. What accounts for the large difference in membrane permeability between ethanol and glycine
Answer:
Ethanol is a non polar molecule.Therefore it passes through the cells membrane easily by diffusion like other non polar like CO2 and water.However, glycine is an amino acid ( the simplest amino acid) a charged molecule /polar molecule/.it can not therefore pass through the bilayer by simple diffusion because of the phospholipid bi-layers. Therefore special transport proteins are needed for its passage across the cell membrane.
Example-GLYT 1 and 2 are the carrier proteins specific for glycine transport across the membrane.
G
Explanation:
who first recognized the cell as the universal unit of life
Answer: Virchow van Leeuwenhoek
Explanation:
Help me ! Please man I need help !!
Which is a lymphocyte?
O A. Amylase
Ο Ο
B. Macrophage
O C. Urethra
D. B cell
Answer:
Lymphocyte is a B cell ans - option DWhat are compounds called that form H+ ions when dissolved in water?
Answer:
Acid
At the simplest definition, an acid is any compound that yields hydrogen ions (H +) or hydronium ions (H 3O +) when dissolved in water. Hydronium ions are really the combination of H + ions and H 2O molecules
Explanation:
Mendel used monohybrid crosses to study the inheritance of pea plant characteristics. In one of his classic experiments, Mendel crossed a purple-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant. All of the offspring plants produced purple flowers.
1. Using the symbols P for the purple allele and p for the white allele, provide the following information:
A. What the genotypes of the Parental Generation plants?
Purple parent: White parent:
B. What is the genotype of the F1 generation?
C. Organisms with two copies of the same allele are called
D. Organisms with two different alleles are called
2. When is it necessary to perform a test cross?
3. In rabbits, brown coat (B) is dominant to white coat (b). A rabbit breeder wants to know the genotype of his best looking male brown rabbit using a test cross. He has brown females and white females available to conduct his breeding experiments.
A. What should be the coat color of the female he must use in this test cross?
B. If the test cross produces seven (7) brown rabbits and one (1) white rabbit, what is the genotype of the brown male rabbit?
4. How is Mendel's Law of Independent related to the events of Meiosis?
5. In your own words, state the Law of Segregation
There are other patterns of inheritance that require explanations beyond the predictions of Mendel's Law of Dominance and Segregation. These patterns are known in biology as non-Mendelian inheritance and include:______.
A. Incomplete dominance
B. Codominance
C. Multiple Alleles
D. Pleiotropy (explained in the first assigned video)
E. X-linked inheritance
F. Epistasis
6. Write in the space provided the type of non-Mendelian inheritance from the list above that matches the descriptions or the examples listed below:
1. When a gene has more than two allele variants.(Example)
2. When a single gene or allele controls the expression of 2 or more traits.
3. When offspring show a blended phenotype, a physical appearance intermediate to the phenotype of both parents
4. When an allele is carried in the X chromosome.
Answer:
Explanation:
A. To produce all purple flowers from a cross between purple and white flowers, it means the parents genotype are dominant homozygous purple and the recessive homozygous white ( PP and pp)
B. The F1 generation will possess a phenotype of purple colour with genotype ( Pp )- heterozygous
C. Organisms with two copies of the same allele are called homozygotes
D. Organisms with two different alleles are called heterozygotes
2. When is it necessary to perform a test cross?
This test is only perform when the identity/genotype of one of the parents is unknown then a testcross is carried out.
3.A The coat color of the female he must use is white...a testcross is done with the recessive parents
B. The genotype of the male brown rabbit is Bb to produce a white rabbit.
4. The law of independent assortment amd meiosis relates in that the independent assortment law talks about independent separatíon of gens from each other and in meiosis, it takes into account the independent separation of homologous chromosomes.
5. The law of segregation of genes takes into account that an individual that is diploid possessing 2 copies of a gene/alleles on each homologous chromosome, that each of these alleles segregation or separate into each gametes, as one allele per gamete.
5. Non-Mendelian inheritance includes all listed below
6.
1. When a gene has more than two allele variants - multiple alleles
2. When a single gene or allele controls the expression of 2 or more traits - Pleitropy e.g. as in the ABO blood group
3. When offspring show a blended phenotype, a physical appearance intermediate to the phenotype of both parents: incomplete dominance
4. When an allele is carried in the X chromosome - X linked inheritance
Answer: the biological
Explanation: the biological
Which current is a warm ocean current that flows completely around Earth?
a) North Equatorial Current
b) California Current
c) West Wind Drift
d) Gulf Stream
Answer:
gulf stream
Explanation:
it transports warm water from the equator past the east coast of north america and across the atlantic to europe
The map of ocean currents shows that the surface ocean currents create loops called gyres. The Gulf stream current is a warm ocean current that flows completely around Earth.
What is gulf stream?Gulf stream is a strong ocean current bringing warm water into Atlantic ocean to Gulf of Mexico.
The Gulf Stream is in the western North Atlantic Ocean. It moves north with the coast of Florida and then moves eastward off of North Carolina, flowing northeast across the Atlantic.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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Difference between striated muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
Answer:
Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both striated in appearance, while smooth muscle is not. Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscle is voluntary. ... While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles, called intercalated discs. interenet lol
Explanation:
Answer:
Striated muscles are the muscles that allow your body to move. Smooth muscles are the ones in the digestive system that allow food to move along the gut. I'm not sure about the Cardiac muscle.. I think it's something to do with the heart.
Explanation:
Hope this helps :) Please comment if it helped..
if the climate is hot what will happen to the water cycle, and if the climate is cold what will happen to the water cycle?
Answer:
Climate change intensifies this cycle because as air temperatures increase, more water evaporates into the air. Warmer air can hold more water vapor,
So, higher temperatures means more evaporation while low temperatures means less evaporation.
Suppose a certain drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit.
A. The formation of alcohol C. Glycolysis
B. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Kreb’s cycle
Answer:
The options to this question is incomplete, the correct options are:
A) the citric acid cycle.
B) oxidative phosphorylation.
C) glycolysis.
D) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
The answer is D
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is an important metabolic process carried out by the cells of living organisms including human cells. Aerobic cellular respiration involves three main stages viz: Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and Oxidative phosphorylation. These three processes occur to bring about the breakdown of glucose to synthesize ATP.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm while Kreb's cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation both occurs in the matrix and intracellular membrane of the Mitochondrion respectively. Hence, a drug that causes holes in both mitochondrial membranes will affect both Kreb's cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation.
Explain how substitution, insertion, and deletion mutations are similar and different from one another.
Substitution:
Substitution is the switch of codons. A C could be switched to an A, but the original is now substituted for the new codon. This can change the amino acid present or it can be a silent mutation. If the stop codon is switched in, the protein will be cut short and the effects could be very serious.
Insertion:
Insertion is where base pairs are inserted into the DNA. This is different from substitution because nothing is getting switched out, just new ones are getting inserted. The original codons will still be present, just new ones are coming in. Insertions result in a frame-shift, which means everything after the mutation is shifted and nothing will be correct after this. Insertions are more harmful than substitution because it doesn't affect just one amino acid, but many.
Deletion:
Deletion is where some codons or DNA is deleted. This will result in everything after the mutation being incorrect and can cause drastic effects. Deletion is very similar to insertion because they both cause a frame-shift, but also very different because they do the opposite from one another. Deletion is also more harmful than substitution because of the frame-shift and the change in future amino acids.
Question 57
How do the circulatory system and immune
system work together to respond to an injury?
Increased blood flow allows for an
increase in the exchange of O2 and CO,
at the site of the injury.
Increased blood flow kills healthy cells
which prevents infection at the site of the
injury
Increased blood flow carries white blood
cells to the site of the injury.
Increased blood flow removes infected
cells from the body at the site of the
injury.