On March 6, 1857, in the case of Dred Scott v. John Sanford, United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that African Americans were not and could not be citizens. Taney wrote that the Founders' words in the Declaration of Independence, “all men were created equal,” were never intended to apply to blacks. Blacks could not vote, travel, or even fall in love and marry of their own free will — rights granted, according to the Declaration, by God to all. It was the culmination of ten years of court battles — Dred Scott's fight to live and be recognized as a free man.
The High Court's decision went even further, declaring laws that restricted slavery in new states or sought to keep a balance between free and slave states, such as the Missouri Compromise, were unconstitutional. In essence, Black Americans, regardless of where they lived, were believed to be nothing more than commodities.
The Taney court was dominated by pro-slavery judges from the South. Of the nine, seven judges had been appointed by pro-slavery Presidents — five, in fact, came from slave-holding families. The decision was viewed by many as a victory for the Southern “Slavocracy,” and a symbol of the power the South had over the highest court.
The dramatic ripple effect of Dred Scott — a ruling historians widely agree was one of the worst racially-based decisions ever handed down by the United States Supreme Court — reached across the states and territories. It sent shivers through the North and the free African-American community. Technically, no black was free of re-enslavement.
Free Blacks, many of whom had been in Northern states for years, once again lived in fear of being hunted down and taken back to the South in servitude. Southern slave laws allowed marshals to travel north in search of escaped slaves. The ruling was such a concern to Free Blacks, that many seriously considered leaving the United States for Canada or Liberia.
The decision played a role in propelling Abraham Lincoln — an outspoken anti-slavery voice — into the White House. The slavery issue had already created a turbulent, volatile atmosphere throughout the nation. Dred Scott, like kerosene tossed onto a simmering fire, played a significant role in igniting the Civil War. The North became ready to combat what it viewed as the South's disproportionate influence in government.
The court case lives in infamy today, but few people know much about the actual people involved. I suspect Scott and Taney never imagined they would play such powerful roles in our great American story.
Taney was from Maryland, a slave state, but had long before emancipated his slaves and reportedly paid pensions to his older slaves, as well. As a young lawyer he called slavery a “blot on our national character.” What turned Taney into a pro-slavery advocate is not clear, but by 1857, Taney had hardened, going as far as to declare the abolitionist movement “northern aggression.”
In 1836, Scott married Harriett Robinson. Reports vary on whether she was a slave of Emerson's prior to the marriage or Emerson purchased her from another military officer after she and Scott had fallen in love. The series of events underscored the painful and difficult lives slaves led. Love, like everything else, was subject to the vagaries of their owners' dispositions.
Emerson died in 1843, leaving the Scott family to his wife, Irene. Three years later, Scott tried to buy his freedom, but to no avail. Scott's only recourse was to file suit against Mrs. Emerson. He did so on April 6, 1846, and the case went to a Missouri court the following year. He would lose this case, but win on appeal in 1850. Emerson won her appeal in 1852, and shortly afterward gave the Scotts to her son, John Sanford, a legal resident of New York. Because two states were now involved, Scott's appeal was filed in federal court in 1854 under the case name of Dred Scott v. John Sanford, the name that came before Taney in 1857.
History is filled with dramatic and strange twists of irony and fate. Those factors can be found throughout Scott's battle for freedom. Peter Blow's sons, childhood friends of Scott's, paid his legal fees. Irene Emerson had remarried in 1850. Her new husband, Massachusetts Congressman Calvin Chaffee, was anti-slavery. Following Taney's ruling, the now-Mrs. Calvin Chaffee, took possession of Dred, Harriett and their two daughters and either sold or simply returned the family to the Blows. In turn, the Blows freed the Scotts in May, 1857.
Dred Scott, a man whose name is so deeply-rooted in our history, so linked to the war that would end slavery, would die just five months later of tuberculosis. However, he died a free man.
There are numerous maximum security prisons or units within states prisons. How many federal supermax prisons are there?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 0
D. 2
On which modern day coast line was Cape Colony located?
Answer:
Cape Colony, British colony established in 1806 in what is now South Africa.
Explanation:
Cape Colony, British colony established in 1806 in what is now South Africa. With the formation of the Union of South Africa (1910), the colony became the province of the Cape of Good Hope (also called Cape Province). For more detail, see Cape Province. Britain occupied the Cape Colony at the turn of the 19th century.
Philosopher whose ideas of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
used in the Declaration of Independence. *
Answer:Locke
Thomas Jefferson took the phrase “pursuit of happiness” from Locke and incorporated it into his famous statement of a peoples' inalienable right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” in the Declaration of Independence.
Explanation:
Did my subject John D Rockefeller create a positive or negative impact on America
help mark as branlist
only if u get it right
Answer:
c
Explanation:
GUYSS I NEED YOUR HELP ARE MY ANSWERS RIGHT FOR THESE 3 MULTIPLE QUESTIONS????!!!!!
Answer:
YES
Explanation:
I believe so
Answer:
yes there correct
Explanation:
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Who was the first holy Roman emperor by the pope in 800 ce
Answer:
Charlemagne
Explanation:
yoo tipperary
Answer:
Charlemagne
Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Romans on Christmas Day, 800 in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, making him the most powerful ruler of his time.
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What was the nature of relations between the Southern, English colonies and the Native Americans?
Answer:
Relations with American Indians in the Southern Colonies began somewhat as a peaceful coexistence. As more English colonists began to arrive and encroach further into native lands, the relationship became more violent.
Hope this helps :)
2) TO FAVOR ONE SIDE OF AN ISSUE IS TO BE __________________.
Answer:
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To favor one side of an issue is to be partisan. Partisan means to support a particular party or cause. It can also mean being biased or prejudiced in favor of one side of an issue.
For example, if you are a partisan of the Democratic Party, you will likely support Democratic candidates and policies. You may also be more likely to see the world from a Democratic perspective.
Partisanship can be a good thing. It can help people to feel more connected to a group and to feel like they are making a difference. However, partisanship can also be a bad thing. It can lead to people being close-minded and unwilling to listen to opposing viewpoints.
It is important to be aware of your own partisanship and to try to be open-minded to other viewpoints. This will help you to make informed decisions and to be a more effective citizen.
To know more about Partisanship:
https://brainly.com/question/9030623
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Capitalism definition in your own words PLEASE
Answer:
Capitalism is an economic system. Playing a second role in the US Government, it allows people and companies to make most of the decisions and own property, taking power and shifting it from the government. So this means that companies become privately owned, and therefore allowing the people to make profit, not the government. Capitalism leads to efficient production, a more dynamic people, economic and political freedom, and also is commonly used as a tool to overcome discrimination and bring the people together.
Explanation:
Can I get a brainliest? :)
Why would people work under the conditions of the Industrial Revolution?
there were no other jobs and if you did not work you starved
Was the attack on Pearl Harbor a Japanese military success?
"At first, however, the Pearl Harbor attack looked like a success for Japan. Its bombers hit all eight U.S. battleships, sinking four and damaging four others, destroyed or damaged more than 300 aircraft and killed some 2,400 Americans at Pearl Harbor." But the United States responded to the Japanese attack on the pearl harbor by declaring war on japan and all of its allies by dropping two atomic bombs on two of Japans' cities.
Answer:
In my opinion, it was the beginning of the Pacific War and therefore a failure on both sides of the war. However, it was at the time a big jump start for the Japanese, but they failed to realize the larger amount of power and weaponry the US had. Even then, the attack was like a tap on the shoulder to the US to enter the war. This would end up backfiring for the Japanese as its people residing in the US were forced into concentration camps and the Japanese got a rapid fast blow when the Hiroshima-Nagasaki bombing happened and destroyed them to the point of surrender.
Fairs were an important part of a _______________.
a.
domestic economy
c.
barter economy
b.
market economy
Answer:
market economy
Explanation:
Which form of government do you feel would be the most effective? Justify why
Answer:
Switzerland has the most effective government out of the two.
Explanation:
South Africa's government only allowed for the small minority (white people) thus creating a divide between what most of the non white people wanted and what the people with all the power wanted. Switzerland has laws and rules made by the people for the people. Everyone can influence them. It is a more open government and that allows for it to help everyone more, not just an elite few.
Why is the Battle of Stalingrad considered a turning point of World War II? a It demonstrated the strains between the Soviet Union and the West. b It resulted in an unprecedented number of casualties on both sides c It broke the informal alliance between Germany and Russia. d It stopped the German military advance to the East.
Answer:
d It stopped the German military advance to the East.
Explanation:
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle in World War II. It involves the German army and its allies against the Soviet Union Army.
It was fought in September 1942, at which the German army lost about a quarter of their total army in the battle. And still could not take over the territory.
This led to the German Army unable to contain the invasion of Soviet Union soldiers when they advanced to the German territory.
Hence, the Battle of Stalingrad was considered a turning point of World War II because "It stopped the German military advance to the East."
Which Indian tribe sided with the South Carolina colonists and helped fight against the Creek and other warring Indians in the
Yemassee War of 1715 17172
A)
the Waxhaw
B)
the Catawba
the Pee Dee
D)
the Cherokee
Explanation:
........................
Answer: the cherokee
Explanation:
What are two common strategies that interest groups use to shape public
policy?
Answer:
lobbying officials and forming political action committees (PACs)
filling lawsuits and lobbying officials
Explanation:
a pex!!
Answer:
influencing public opinion and forming political action committees (PACs)
- a p e x
Trade encourages economic interdependence and cultural diffusion. But is trade always good for people and countries? In one or two paragraphs, consider the benefits and disadvantages of trade. Be sure to include at least one benefit and one disadvantage and explain your reasoning thoroughly
Answer:
The benefits of trade are, learning new things, learning new languages, and people starting new religious practices. This caused people to make things like art, and talk in new languages. But, disadvantages are spreading diseases to other places. Cultural diffusion had a negative and positive side to civilizations. People from different civilizations and countries carried many diseases on them, which caused the people they were trading to get the diseases passed onto them.
what is the modern era
Answer: Historical epochs.
Explanation:
Historical science is divided into several epochs. The modern era is a period in history that dates back to the First World War, 1918. Prehistoric age is the period from man's first appearance until the appearance of the letter when the ancient period begins. The ancient period in history lasted from the letter's appearance until 476, i.e., the Western Roman Empire's fall when the Medieval began. The Middle Ages lasted until 1492, i.e., the discovery of America. With the discovery of America, the historical epoch of the New Age begins and lasts until 1918.
what made the election of 1800 so dirty?
In the election of 1800, the Federalist incumbent John Adams ran against the rising Republican Thomas Jefferson. The extremely partisan and outright nasty campaign failed to provide a clear winner because of a constitutional quirk.
Answer:
In the election of 1800, the Federalist incumbent John Adams ran against the rising Republican Thomas Jefferson. The extremely partisan and outright nasty campaign failed to provide a clear winner because of a constitutional quirk.
Explanation:
Develop your own point of view on whether the US should have expanded its borders. Use information from the lesson and the maps to explain your opinion. Describe at least two reasons/events that happened to support your point of view and answer the following in complete sentences.
A border is a real or artificial line that separates geographic areas. Borders are political boundaries. They separate countries, states, provinces, counties, cities, and towns. A border outlines the area that a particular governing body controls. The government of a region can only create and enforce laws within its borders.
Borders change over time. Sometimes the people in one region take over another area through violence. Other times, land is traded or sold peacefully. Many times, land is parceled out after a war through international agreements.
Sometimes, borders fall along natural boundaries like rivers or mountain ranges. For example, the boundary between France and Spain follows the crest of the Pyrenees mountains. For part of its length, the boundary between the United States and Mexico follows a river called the Rio Grande. The borders of four countries divide Africa’s Lake Chad: Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria.
Borders—particularly national borders—affect travel and migration. People can usually move freely within their own country’s borders, but may not be allowed to cross into a neighboring country.
When neighboring countries have similar wealth and political systems, their borders may be open and undefended. For example, citizens of the 27-country European Union may travel freely among any of the member states. Only five EU members—Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania, and the United Kingdom—require travelers from other EU states to present a passport or ID card at the border.
On the opposite extreme, the Korean Demilitarized Zone—the border between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea—is the most heavily militarized border in the world. The zone, which is 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) wide and 243 kilometers (151 miles) long, separates the two countries with barbed-wire fences, land mines, and armed guards. Citizens of most countries must have a passport and official permission to enter the borders of North Korea. North Koreans must also have official permission before they leave the secretive nation.
Every country has its own rules about who may travel, work, and reside within its borders. Visas and work permits are government documents issued to non-citizens that limit the type of work or travel they may do in the country, and for how long. The United States issues “green cards”—officially known as permanent resident cards—that allow non-Americans to live and work inside the borders of the U.S. and be protected by its laws.
Border Protection
Most countries have some sort of military or law-enforcement presence along their borders. Countries protect their borders for several reasons. One is to keep out invaders. This is especially true in areas where two or more countries have fought over the same land for many years. Cambodia and Thailand, for example, have disputed the territory of the Preah Vihear Temple for more than a century. Cambodian and Thai military units are positioned along the border near Preah Vihear Temple, and skirmishes often result in deaths on both sides.
Sometimes, borders serve to keep citizens in. Most governments with these “closed borders” are not democratic. In addition to North Korea, nations such as Myanmar and Cuba rarely allow their residents to cross their borders.
Borders can also serve to protect resources. Sometimes, the borders of U.S. congressional districts protect ethnic, religious, or economic communities. Citizens within these borders often vote as a unit, based on shared political beliefs. The area’s representative in the U.S. House of Representatives must be aware of the interests within his or her district’s borders. The concerns of a representative from the urban area of St. Louis, Missouri, for instance, are less likely to be issues affecting farmers than a representative from rural Missouri, which is dominated by agriculture. The representative from rural Missouri would be less likely to be concerned with issues surrounding public transportation, which is much more common in cities.
when did Christopher Columbus sail to the united states
Answer:
Aug 3, 1492
Explanation:
He sailed to the US on this date
Answer:
he sailed to the united states in 1492
Explanation:
Why was gaining the territory of the Louisiana Territory in 1803 important to the
United States?
Helppppppppleaseeee
Answer:
it was important because the Louisiana Territory was the biggest chunk of land and would give troops the higher advantage during a attack or a war
Explanation:
i asked this question specifically 5,000 times and no one answered just please
How did Pike describe Santa Fe when he first arrived? (Site 1)
Answer:
He thought it was weak and that it was quite possible to develop a profitable trade with Mexico. His comments stirred businessmen and politicians to consider expanding into Texas.
Explanation:
True or False. The Bourbon Triumvirate supported white supremacy.
A. True
B. False
The Norman Conquest of England occurred in the year ______.
1. 1066
2. 1046
3. 938
Answer:
1. 1066
Explanation:
The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 may be the single most important event in the history of the English language.
Answer:
1. 1066The Norman Conquest of England occurred in the year 1066.
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Name THREE problems global warming could lead to
Answer:
Global warming stresses ecosystems through temperature rises, water shortages, increased fire threats, drought, weed and pest invasions, intense storm damage and salt invasion, just to name a few.
President Herbert Hoover thought that federal funds were best used to
A. provide direct aid to farmers
B. provide direct aid to unemployed urban dwellers
C. boost large corporations
D boost small businesses
Answer:
A
Explanation:
What does Hitler believe is the highest human right and obligation ?
What was the result of the battles at Lexington and Concord for the British and the colonists?
Answer:
The British wanted to destroy the weapons that the colonists hid, but the colonists fought back. This caused people to take either the side of patriots or loyalists. More people supported the patriots and loyalists started to fear the patriots because there were more of them and they were burning people's houses down.