Answer: b) They cannot be fully terrestrial
Explanation:
I took the test
Amphibians are different from reptiles because the amphibians do not breathe using lungs however reptiles have lungs which help them breathe on land. Thus, the correct option is A.
What are the characteristics of Amphibians?
Amphibians are the four-limbed, ectothermic vertebrates who belongs to the Amphibia class of Phylum Vertebrata. All the living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, with most of the species living within terrestrial, fossorial, or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.
Amphibians are different from reptiles in characteristics such as amphibians lay eggs in the water, and their young ones have gills which help them to survive in the water. They venture onto land only when fully mature. Reptiles, on the other hand, have adapted to live completely on the dry land. They are viviparous and breathe through lungs and not gills.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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assume that a spherical cell, with a diameter of 20 μm, has spherical mitochondria, each with a diameter of 0.2 μm. if mitochondria occupy 10% of the volume of the cell, how many mitochondria are there?
The total number of mitochondria is 1000 units of mitochondria.
Area of Cell,[tex]4\pi r^{2}[/tex]= 4 x 3.14 x [tex]10^{2}[/tex] = 1257μm
10% of the cell area = [tex]\frac{1257 x 10}{100}[/tex] = 125.7 = 126
Area of Mitochondria,[tex]4\pi r^{2}[/tex]= 4 x 3.14 x [tex]0.1^{2}[/tex] = 0.1256 = 0.126
Total number of mitochondria in a cell are = [tex]\frac{Final Cell Area}{Mitochondria Cell Area}[/tex]Total number of mitochondria in a cell are= [tex]\frac{126}{0.126}[/tex]= 1000Mitochondria- It's the power house of the cell responsible for ATP/Energy production, and also carry out several other important function to help in surviving of the cell.
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During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments.
In prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the filaments that make up the mitotic spindle are formed.
How is mitosis generated and what are its phases?Mitosis is the process in which a cell generates two daughter cells with the same genetic information, this allows the body and/or tissue to grow and generate. Mitosis has several phases, including this: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
In prophase, chromosomes are formed by condensing, the nuclear membrane is fragmented and the formation of mitotic spindles occurs. In metaphase, the chromosomes join the mitotic spindle by their centrometes and are located in the equatorial zone of the cell. During anaphase, the mitotic spindle fibers shorten, causing the sister chromatids to separate.
Finally, in telophase the chromatin decondenses and the chromosomes will no longer be visible, the nuclear membrane reappears and the mitotic spindles disintegrate.
Therefore, we can confirm that in prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the filaments that make up the mitotic spindle are formed.
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cell-free-dna-based copy number index score in epithelial ovarian cancer-impact for diagnosis and treatment monitoring
Cell-Free-DNA-Based Copy Number Index Score in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer-Impact for Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring, the statement is correct.
What is ovarian cancer ?The female reproductive system have two ovaries, and it is a size of an almond produce eggs and other female reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer is referred as the abnormal growth of cells formed in the ovaries where the cells multiply continuously and can invade, destroy healthy tissue.
The symptoms of ovarian cancer include Abdominal bloating or swelling, Quickly feeling full when eating, Weight loss, Discomfort in the pelvic area, Fatigue, Back pain, constipation, frequent urination.
The types of ovarian cancer include Epithelial ovarian cancer most common type of ovarian cancer related to cancer arise from the surface of the ovary, secondly Fallopian Tube Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer.
Germ Cell ovarian cancer refers to cancer in reproductive cells, Stromal cell ovarian cancer observed in connective tissue cells, Small cell carcinoma (SCCO) rare ovarian cancer in ovarian epithelial cells.
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homeostasis is a state in which . question 4 options: a) vital functions of the body increase b) vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level c) vital functions of the body decrease d) some body functions increase while others decrease
Homeostasis is the state in which the vital functions of the body was maintained at a normal level
What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is any self-regulating process that is by which an organism tends to have maintain the stability while the adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival. If the homeostasis is successful, then life continues; if it's unsuccessful, the results in a disaster or the death of the organism
The Homeostasis, as currently defined, is a self-regulating process by which the biological systems was maintain stability while the adjusting to the changing of external conditions the Three examples of the homeostasis are: Body temperature was regulation. the Blood pressure regulation. the Blood sugar regulation.
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sudhof neurons assemble in intricate circuits by forming precise connections with the right synaptic partners
Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons in intelligence that transmit and compute information, thereby connecting neurons into hundreds of thousands of overlapping and interdigitated neural circuits. Here we posit that the establishment, properties, and dynamics of synapses are ruled via a molecular logic that is managed using various trans-synaptic signaling molecules. Neurexins, expressed in heaps of alternatively spliced isoforms, are central factors of this dynamic code. Presynaptic neurexins modify synapse residences via differential binding to multifarious postsynaptic ligands, such as neuroligins, cerebellin/GluD complexes, and latrophilins, thereby shaping the input/output relations of their resident neural circuits. Mutations in genes encoding neurexins and their ligands are associated with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, autism, and Tourette syndrome. Thus, neurexins nucleate an overall trans-synaptic signaling community that controls synapse properties, thereby determining the unique responses of synapses to spike patterns in a neuron and circuit, and that is vulnerable to impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Synapses refer to the factors of contact between neurons the place records is surpassed from one neuron to the next. Synapses most regularly shape between axons and dendrites, and consist of a presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron.
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which of these brain abilities is what makes the human brain unique? plasticity action potential axon all-or-none response
Answer:
plasticity
Explanation:
plasticity is ongoing throughout life and involves brain cells other than neurons,it occurs as a result of learning,experience,and memory formation. This helps the brain modify it connections or wire itself,without this the brain can not recover from brain injury or would not be able to develop from infancy through to adulthood.
Is a negative control necessary in an experiment regarding the color of light?
Basically, if an experiment is being done about the effects of the colour of light. Is a negative control (no light) necessary?
The negative control is a control group used to know no other variable is affecting the experiment results. In this case, it is necessary to have a negative control group to be sure that light is the only factor affecting the results.
What is a negative control?
When talking about a negative control, we refer to the control group used to know if there is any other variable that might be affecting or influencing the results.
Let us remember that in an experiment, we can identify different variables. Some of them are the dependent and independent variables. Other variables need to be controlled to avoid their influence on the dependent variable.
The researcher needs to expose the control group to the same conditions the experimental group was exposed to (except for the independent variable) to see if there is any other factor affecting the experiment.
No change is expected in this group since it is not exposed to the treatment.
However, if there is a change, the negative control is used to identify other variables that might affect the response of the dependent variable.
In the exposed situation, the researcher wants to know the effects of the colour of light on something, let us say, on plants growth.
In this example, the only difference between the control and experimental group is the light. The negative control group is not exposed to light, while the experimental group is.
Even when no change is expected in plant growth from negative control it is necessary to have a negative control group to compare conditions and be sure the only factor affecting the results is the type of light.
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pepper mild mottle virus, a plant virus associated with specific immune responses, fever, abdominal pains, and pruritus in humans.
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, a Plant Virus Associated with Specific Immune Responses, Fever, Abdominal Pains, and Pruritus in Humans. It is a correct statement.
What is the effect of PMMoV on immune responses?Some metagenomic studies have helped in the recognition of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) which is viable. It is a plant virus seen in the stool of healthy subjects. The source of this pathogen has not been determined.
There is a study that has recognized a local source of this virus and linked its presence to RNA in the stool. It had a specific immune response and clinical symptoms.
The clinical symptoms can be attributed to other factors that include spicy food. The data suggests that there is a possibility of a pathogenic role which can be direct or indirect in the case of plant viruses in humans.
Therefore, it is a correct statement.
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What two characteristics are useful for supporting the photosynthetic mode of energy generation found in euglenids?.
eyespot and flagellum are two characters useful for supporting the photosynthetic mode of energy generation found in euglenoids.
What are the three ways that protists get their nutrition?The majority consume or absorb food, however others make their own nourishment. Flagella, pseudopods, or cilia are used by the majority of protists to move. One-celled amoeba and paramecium are two protists that consume other species for food. Others, like the one-celled euglena and the multicellular algae, produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Euglenoids are green microorganisms that are heterotrophic and autotrophic.
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The endocrine system is responsible for hormone synthesis and secretion in animals. What types of organelles would you expect to find in great number in endocrine cells?.
The endocrine system is responsible for hormone synthesis and secretion in animals. Organelles of the endomembrane system is expect to find in great number in endocrine cells.
Endocrine System- The glands & organs that produce hormones & release them into the bloodstream so they can reach all of the body's tissues and organs. Growth and development, metabolism, & reproduction are just a few of the vital processes in the body that are regulated by the hormones the endocrine system secretes.
Hormone- Chemicals called hormones function in the body as messenger molecules. They are created in one area of the body and then go to other areas where they assist regulate how cells & organs function.
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What systems get put to work when building a home?
The systems which are involved in building a home are the plumbing, heating, electrical and air systems.
What makes up the building of a home?The construction of a house or home is a very wide system which consist of different sessions or parts. These parts which makes up a building home are quiet technical and without them, the building is not complete.
The plumbing as a part is concerned with session which controls and supply water to every nooks and crannies of the building as water is very important for both building and life sustenance.
The electrical areas or session of a building involves the connection of electricity into different parts of the building. Where the electrical aspect of a house is absent, the residents have limited access to certain activities such as pressing of clothes, electrical kitchen utensils, the entertainment systems and other parts.
So therefore, the construction of a building system includes the plumbing, heating, electrical and air systems.
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name the peripheral nervous system component responsible for the transmission of action potentials from the cns to the periphery.
The component of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the transmission of action potentials from the CNS to the periphery is motor neurons.
What are motor neurons?Motor neurons are a special class of nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses across the body, i.e., away from the central nervous system (CNS) towards muscle cells.
In conclusion, the component of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the transmission of action potentials from the CNS to the periphery is motor neurons.
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at the time this article was written (2011), how many and what types of genomes have been sequenced? give a general summary.
30 cancer types, heart disease and diabetes, and in inherited diseases that cause physical malformations, developmental delay and metabolic diseases.
Malformation: A structural defect in the physique due to extraordinary embryonic or fetal development. There are many sorts of malformations. For example, cleft lip and cleft palate. Congenital malformation can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that take place for the duration of intrauterine life. Also called delivery defects, congenital disorders, or congenital malformations, these stipulations boost prenatally and may additionally be identified before or at birth, or later in life.
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assuming independent assortment, how many different gametes can be produced from the genotype aabbcc
Assuming independent assortment, only one type of gamete can be produced from the genotype aabbcc due to homozygous condition.
The law of independent assortment, given by Mendel states that the inheritance of the allele of a certain character into the gamete is not influenced by the presence of other genes. The example of this law of the dihybrid cross of Mendel.
Gamete is the reproductive cell, that when fused with another reproductive cell of different gender, gives rise to an embryo. A gamete from a parent contains only one allelic form of all the genes. This is the reason why in homozygous condition, only one type of gamete is formed as their are no allelic variations.
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The binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors triggers.
TheThe binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors triggers gene transcription
What does gene transcription serve as a means for?Making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence is the aim of transcription. The RNA copy, or transcript, of a gene that codes for proteins carries the instructions needed to assemble a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Before translating into proteins, eukaryotic transcripts need to go through a few processing stages.
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a genes DNA sequence. This copy, called messanger RNA , carries the gene's protein information encoded in DNA.
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tyndall and cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)
Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant bacteria called Endospore.
What are Endospores?Endospores are a special class of bacterial reproductive structure that remains conserved as dormant for emerging during advantageous periods, which is observed in the group Bacillota.
In conclusion, Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant bacteria called Endospore.
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what is the best test reagent for protein quantitation? why is that reagent considered to be the best reagent?
ProteOrange reagent is the best test reagent for protein quantitation.
The ProteOrange reagent's distinctive structure enables the precise protein detection in solutions with concentrations between 10 ng/mL and 10 g/mL. This degree of sensitivity is far higher than that attained by the Bradford assay, Lowry assay, BCA technique, or 280 nm absorption measurements.
ProteOrange Reagent- A fluorescent dye called ProteOrange is used to stain proteins in gels. SYPRO orange's equivalent is called ProteOrange.
Reagent- A substance that is used because of its chemical or biological effects (for example, in creating a product, developing images, or detecting or measuring a component).
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effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic drift habitat fragmentation is a big concern to conservation biologists. how will habitat fragmentation affect evolution by genetic drift?
Habitat fragmentation will increase the effect of genetic drift and lead to a decrease in variation.
What Habitat fragmentation ?Genetic drift is the phenomena that occurs in populations of organisms as a result of unintentional occurrences that change the frequency of gene variants. The process may cause an alteration in the characteristics of the organisms, which would result in their evolution.
Habitat fragmentation is the process of cutting a habitat up into smaller fragments. This procedure reduces the population's size, which accelerates the population's genetic drift. Due to the unusual alleles being eliminated from the population, this process reduced genetic variation.Learn more about Habitat fragmentation here:
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starch and cellulose are both polymers of glucose, but humans can digest starch and not cellulose. why do the properties of starch and cellulose differ, since they are both polymers of glucose?
Explanation:
starch and cellulose are both homopolymers of glucose,meaning they are only made of repeating unitsof glucose molecules.however thei structure is different based on how the glucose molecules are connected. starch is made of two types glucose polymers :amylose and amylopectin
The prokaryote organism consists of________ cells. *
Answer:
single
Explanation:
A prokaryote is a simple, mostly single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. We will shortly come to see that this is significantly different in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic DNA is found in a central part of the cell: the nucleoid.
water with less than 1% ____ concentration
Answer:
water with less than 1 percent would kill the human life and animals also
Which process led to the evolution of polar bears and brown bears from a common ancestor?
Answer:Evolution of brown bears to polar bears
Evolutionary studies suggest that polar bears evolved from brown bears during the ice ages. The oldest polar bear fossil, a jaw bone found in Svalbard, is dated at about 110,000 to 130,000 years old. DNA comparisons suggest the species may have split at least 150,000 years ago, and maybe longer.
Explanation:
. Where in the brain is the ability to control impulses located and how does it affect adolescent behavior?
Answer:
The Prefrontal Cortex (The frontal lobe) is the part of the brain where thinking, decision making, and thinking about consequences occur. Changes in this part of the brain occur when you are in adolescents witch can cause mood swings, and inability to control some impulses.
Explanation:
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how the water cycle relates to 3 of the Earth's spheres.
Answer:
Evaporation of water from the hydrosphere will cause it to become part of the atmosphere.
Precipitation will let the water in the atmosphere can return to the hydrosphere. Or alternatively, it will sink into ground as groundwater and become part of the geosphere.
biofilm occurs least frequently: group of answer choices on proximal surfaces. at the gingival margin. around the gingival third of the tooth. on anterior surfaces.
how would wind energy be used in the production and development of trail mix
When the kinetic energy of the wind is turned into mechanical power, wind energy is produced. Massive wind turbines are employed to sustain our houses' and businesses' electrical infrastructure today. But since the invention of the windmill, we've been using the wind's energy to do things like pump water and grind grain.
What additional purposes does wind energy serve today? Here's a deeper look at how we're utilizing wind energy.
1. To lessen our negative environmental effects, we employ wind energy.
A clean and non-polluting source of energy is wind power. When wind power facilities were originally built in the 1990s, they were able to offset 2.5 billion pounds of carbon dioxide and 15 million pounds of other pollutants that would have been produced by the production of electricity from fossil fuels. That equates to the planting of approximately 200 million trees.
2. We employ wind energy to reduce the total cost of energy generation.
It is true that early investments in wind energy are greater than first investments in electricity from fossil fuels. The equipment required to build a wind turbine accounts for around 80% of its price. Considering the life cycle When long-term demands are taken into account, the cost of wind energy is cheaper since fuel and operational costs are significantly lower throughout the course of each wind generator.
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olution's patterns manifest as nested similarities. nesting occurs between molecular sequences of evolutionarily related organisms and between the different taxa arranged in a phylogenetic tree. true false
Evolution's patterns manifest as nested similarities. nesting occurs between molecular sequences of evolutionary related organisms and between the different taxa arranged in a phylogenetic tree. True
Phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between various species.
Nesting behavior is an urge in the pregnant animal to prepare a home for the upcoming generation which occurs due to increase in the amount of estradiol to protect them from predators and environment.
Nesting behavior is also taken consideration to understand the phylogenetic similarities between various species.
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Which theory is most widely supported by scientists as an explanation of how life began on Earth?
Answer: abiogenesis
Explanation:
Some viruses are surrounded by an envelope. This viral envelope contains lipids and surface proteins, and it was originally a part of the cell’s-
A. Cytoplasm
B. Membrane
C. Genome
D. Cytoskeleton
Answer:cytoplasm
Explanation: