Explanation:
werestudies shows that "crack babies" who are entering school have significant difficulty dealing with multiple stimuli and forming close attachments. how might both genetic and environmental influences have combined to produce these results?spruit ma, thomeer mj, gosselink r, et al. skeletal muscle weakness in patients with sarcoidosis and its relationship with exercise intolerance and reduced health status. thorax 2005; 60:32.
Background: Skeletal muscle weakness is assumed to be present in patients with sarcoidosis but has never been reported in a consecutive group of patients. Moreover, its relationship with previously observed exercise intolerance and reduced health status has never been studied in these patients.
Methods: Pulmonary function, skeletal and respiratory muscle forces, peak and functional exercise capacity, health status, and the circulating levels of inflammatory and anabolic markers were determined in 25 patients with sarcoidosis who complained of fatigue (15 men) and in 21 healthy subjects (13 men).
Results: Patients with sarcoidosis had lower respiratory and skeletal muscle forces, reduced exercise capacity and health status, higher anxiety and depression scores, and higher circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha than healthy subjects (all p< or =0.01). Its soluble receptor p75 tended to be higher (p=0.04). Circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, insulin-like growth factor I, and its binding protein 3 were not significantly different between the two groups. Skeletal muscle weakness was related to exercise intolerance, depression, and reduced health status in patients with sarcoidosis, irrespective of age, sex, body weight, and height (p< or =0.05). Quadriceps peak torque was inversely related to fatigue but not to the circulating levels of inflammatory or anabolic markers. The mean daily dose of corticosteroids received in the 6 months before testing was related to quadriceps peak torque only in patients who received oral corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Skeletal muscle weakness occurs in patients with sarcoidosis who complain of fatigue and is associated with reduced health status and exercise intolerance.
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How much water does the body lose everyday through urine, sweat, stool, and water vapor in
breaths?
a. 1300 to 1500 ml
b. 500 to 1000 ml
C.
1350 to 1700 ml
d. 1750 to 3000 ml
In an average adult under normal conditions, this is around 700 cc per day. Sensible fluid loss is visible and measurable and includes urine (1,400 cc per day), sweat (100 cc) and feces (200 cc)
Answer C
when preparing a multigravid client who has undergone evacuation of a hydatidiform mole for discharge, the nurse explains the need for follow-up care. the nurse determines that the client understands the instruction when she says that she is at risk for developing which problem?
When preparing a multigravid client who has undergone evacuation of a hydatidiform mole for discharge, the nurse explains the need for follow-up care and the client is said to understand it when she says that she is at risk for developing choriocarcinoma.
What is Choriocarcinoma?This is defined as a medical condition which is characterized by a fast-growing cancer that occurs in a woman's uterus. This type of cancer affects the placenta in most situations and it is the organ which supplies food and other nutrients from the woman to the fetus.
In a situation where the individual had hydatidiform mole which is the abnormal growth of trophoblasts which are tissues which form the placenta then there is a likelihood of her having choriocarcinoma in this scenario.
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If a provider got paid for referring patients to a particular specialist, this would violate:
If a provider gets paid for referring patients to a particular specialist, then it would violate Stark Law, which is also called Self-referral law.
The Physician Self-Referral Law, also referred to as the Stark law, prohibits physicians from referring patients to businesses with which they or a member of their close family has a financial relationship in order to obtain "designated health services" paid for by Medicare or Medicaid unless an exception is made.
Paying a doctor or medical facility only for referring a patient is considered fee splitting and is unethical. Physicians are prohibited from accepting any form of compensation for suggesting a patient, save payments made from the revenue of healthcare organizations as permitted by law.
Referring a client to a facility in which a healthcare provider (or a member of their family) has a financial stake is a type of healthcare fraud and abuse.
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The term secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have spread to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs. True or false?.
Answer:
It's true.
The term secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have spread to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.,
if the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, what will be the effect on the patient's minute volume?
If the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, the effect on the patient's minute volume will be a decrease and is denoted as option D.
What is Respiratory rate?Thus is defined as the rate in which breathing occurs in an organism and is usually measured in breaths per minute.
A drop in respiratory rate will lead to the minute volume decreasing which could cause hypoventilation and hypoxia thereby resulting in different types of complications and death.
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The options are:
A.There will be no change in the minute volume.
B.The minute volume will increase.
C.The minute volume will initially increase, then drop.
D.The minute volume will decrease.
how can impressions make a difference in the communication between individuals
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a school-aged child who has just arrived from africa has been exposed to diphtheria, and a nurse in the pediatric clinic is to administer the antitoxin. which type of immunity does the antitoxin confer?
Answer:
Passive artificial
Explanation:
In passive artificial immunity the antibody is produced in another organism and then injected into the presumed infected person to provide immediate immunity against the invading organism.
there is strong evidence that shows physical activity can lower the risk of developing the following forms of cancer.
There is indeed presence of strong evidence that shows physical activity can lower the risk of developing the following forms of cancer.
How are Exercises and cancer related?Exercise during leisure time has been related to a much lower risk of not just these three cancers but also esophageal, liver, stomach, kidney, and myeloid leukemia, according to a new study that was published on May 16 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
This is crucial since earlier investigations on the connection between physical activity and cancer risk produced contradictory findings for the majority of cancer types.
The only exceptions were endometrial, breast, and colon cancers.
Exercise was also highly associated with a lower incidence of blood malignancies, multiple myeloma, lung, head and neck, rectum, bladder, and other cancers (in current and former smokers).
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the nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
The client statement which indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective is:
avoiding spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition
Nursing careNursing care can simply be defined as the process giving healthcare services or medical assistance to clients or patients with health conditions or health problems.
Some health cases or health conditions which nurses care for are as follows :
Infectious diseases treatmentCerebral arteriosclerosisStomatitis CancerSo therefore, the client statement which indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective is
avoiding spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition.
Complete question:
The nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
a. taking enough spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition
b. avoiding spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition
c. none of the above
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a 50-year-old male with diabetes did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. he is experiencing kussmaul respirations that can be characterised by:
A 50-year-old diabetic guy is currently in metabolic acidosis because he neglected to take his prescription. He has Kussmaul respiration, which is characterized by no breathing pauses, a big tidal volume, and a slightly elevated ventilatory rate.
A very large tidal volume, no respiratory pause, and a slightly elevated ventilatory rate are all characteristics of Kussmaul respiration.
Deep, quick, and laborious breathing is a hallmark of Kussmaul breathing. Certain medical diseases, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous consequence of diabetes, can cause this distinctive, irregular breathing pattern. Fast, deep breaths known as Kussmaul respirations happen in reaction to metabolic acidosis. When the body attempts to expel the acidic carbon dioxide from the body by rapidly breathing it out, this is known as Kussmaul respiration. The high metabolic acidosis that leads to the Kussmaul breathing pattern can exacerbate both exogenous ailments like salicylate poisoning as well as endogenous illnesses like diabetic ketoacidosis and uremia.
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the nurse knows that household measurements are used for volume only and are not commonly used in health care settings. sometimes for convenience the health care provider will order a drug in a household measurement. which is an example of a drug ordered this way?
The type of drug which can be used in volume only and not in any kind of healthcare setting is Amoxicillin 125 mg per teaspoon. It can also be ordered as a drug in the household measurement.
The common household system, the avoirdupois system, the apothecary system, and the metric system are all used in the field of pharmacy. In the majority of the world's regions, the household system is most prevalent among patients.
Gallon, quart, teaspoon, tablespoon, and a pint are the units used in this system. The majority of the time, liquid items are measured using these units of measurement. The majority of us utilise the household measurement system at home, typically in the kitchen.
More examples include the following: cup, tablespoon, teaspoon, piece, slice, a fraction (for instance, 1/4 pizza), ounce, fluid ounce, or other typical home items used to package food products (e.g., jar, tray).
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dr. palermo wants to determine the pain level for 3-year-old mason, who is complaining of pain in his legs. how might she do this?
Since Dr Palermo wants to determine the pain level for 3-year-old Mason, who is complaining of pain in his legs. the way to do this is to use the model of childrens face.
How to illustrate the information?It should be noted that in this situation, Mason is still a kid and may not be able to explain how he feels and talk more about his pain.
Therefore, it's important as a doctor to look at his reaction and the expression on his face in order to ascertain his situation.
Therefore, since Dr palermo wants to determine the pain level for 3-year-old Mason, who is complaining of pain in his legs. the way to do this is to use the model of childrens face.
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a client in her 29th week of gestation reports dizziness and clamminess when assuming a supine position. during the assessment, the nurse observes there is a marked decrease in the client’s blood pressure. which intervention should the nurse implement to help alleviate this client’s condition?
The patient should be placed in a left lateral position if dizziness and clamminess were reported in a supine position.
What is a supine position?
One of the four fundamental patient postures is the supine position. The three other postures are lithotomy, lateral, and prone. The patient is lying face up, their neck is in a neutral posture, and their head is resting on a pad positioner or pillow.
The patient's arms may be tucked at the sides or abducted to a lesser degree on arm boards while yet maintaining a neutral thumb-up or supinated position. Operations on the anterior surface of the body and intracranial procedures both employ the supine patient stance.
Therefore, if the client faces issues in the supine position, they need to be placed in the left lateral position.
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a nurse is talking with a patient about the plan for her care after discharge from the hospital. he concludes by saying, "we’ve just reviewed a lot of information about what happens when you leave the hospital. did you understand everything ok?" did he effectively use teach back?
No. he did not effectively use teach back.
No, because he didn't ask the patient to repeat back what she understood.
No, because he placed the responsibility of communication on the patient instead of on himself.
Briefing :In this case, the following may be a good teach-back query: "Just now, we looked over a ton of data. In order for me to know if I was clear, would you mind repeating it to me?" The patient is asked to offer a summary of the details so that the clinician can address any misunderstandings.
The supplier could provide a question like, "How do you want to comprehend the dialogue on a high level?" "Just now, we looked at a ton of data. Upon being discharged from the hospital, what would you say to your son about this discussion?"
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I understand the question you are looking for :
A nurse is talking with a patient about the plan for her care after discharge from the hospital. He concludes by saying, "We've just reviewed a lot of information about what happens when you leave the hospital. Did you understand everything OK?" Did he effectively use Teach Back?
(A) Yes, because he asked the patient to confirm understanding
(B) No, because he didn't ask the patient to repeat back what she understood
(C) No, because he placed the responsibility of communication on the patient instead of on himself
(D) B and C
budd j, cusi k. nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: what does the primary care physician need to know?. am j med. 2020;133(5):536-543. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.01.007
The most prevalent chronic liver disease in the US is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which will soon overtake liver cancer as the main reason for liver transplantation.
Briefing:This necessitates that general therapeutic level essential aspects of NAFLD diagnosis and therapy, as well as when to refer a patient to a specialist. Sadly, there is still a lot of medical inertia since professionals are still ignorant of the high morbidity and death. To stop liver disease from progressing to end-stage, it is essential to have an early diagnosis in the primary care environment.
Types of Liver Disease:There are numerous liver conditions, including those brought on by medicines, toxins, or excessive alcohol consumption viruses can cause illnesses such hepatitis A, B, and C. Cirrhosis and fatty liver disease are two examples.
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when a hospitalized child develops a rash that covers the trunk and extremities, the nurse notes in the history
Place the child in a private room on strict isolation is the nurse's most appropriate intervention for a hospitalized child that develops exanthema (rash) that covers the trunk and the extremities which was exposed to varicella 2 weeks ago.
Varicella (chickenpox) is a contagious illness with a rapid onset. It is brought on by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a DNA virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family.
After the first infection, VZV remains dormant in the body (in the sensory nerve ganglia). Varicella is a primary infection with the VZV. Herpes zoster is brought on by the latent infection reactivating (shingles).
Exanthema in a child must be diagnosed and then the youngster must be kept in complete isolation. The extremities only get a scant rash from varicella, but the trunk develops a copious rash. There is a 14 to 21-day incubation period.
By isolating the kid until a more accurate diagnosis and course of treatment are determined, it is crucial to stop the spread of this contagious condition.
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Question correction:
A hospitalized child develops exanthema (rash) that covers the trunk and the extremities. The nurse reviews the child’s health history and notes that the child was exposed to varicella 2 weeks ago. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to?
You are getting there, can you tell us more about type of decision making, and who has ownership of task?
There are mainly three types of decision making:
Strategic decision makingtactical decision makingoperational decision makingOrganizational direction is determined by strategic decisions. Decisions made at the tactical level affect how tasks will be completed. Last but not least, operational decisions are those that staff members take on a daily basis to manage the company.
The owner himself has the ownership of task. The person in charge of seeing the task through to completion is the owner. They may serve as the project manager and allocate tasks to assignees (such as resource level users) for completion.
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the nurse assesses a swollen ecchymosed area to the right of an episiotomy on a primiparous client 6 hours after a vaginal birth. what should the nurse should do next:?
The nurse should apply an ice pack to the perineal area.
What is nursing assessment?
A nursing assessment can be described as a process of gathering relevant patient information by a registered nurse.
During nursing assessment, the nurse discovered a swollen ecchymosed area to the right of an episiotomy on a primiparous client 6 hours after a vaginal birth, the nurse should apply an ice pack to the perineal area.
In conclusion, nursing assessment helps a nurse to deliver quality healthcare to the client.
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you enter your patient’s room and find them lying supine in bed seemingly unresponsive. after assessing breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds and determining the patient is in cardiac arrest, when should you start cpr?
You enter your patient's room and find him lying on his back on the bed, apparently unresponsive. after assessing breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds and determining that the patient is in cardiac arrest, you should begin CPR immediately.
How is cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed?Standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed in two ways, either by a single person, who performs rescue breaths and chest compressions alternately, or by two people, one performing rescue breaths and the other responsible for chest compressions.
With this information, we can conclude that Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) consists of a series of maneuvers performed by health professionals or laypersons to reverse cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) and maintain adequate tissue oxygenation and perfusion.
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A child is seen in the school nurse's office with complaints of pain in his right forearm. In reviewing the child's record the nurse notes that he has a history of being physically abused by the mother. Which should be the initial intervention with this child?
In cases of child abuse, the nurse should be able to recognize the signs of the abuse, determine the cause, provide therapy, and intervene to protect the child from future harm.
When assessing a child, the nurse should suspect child abuse if there are bruises, burns, lacerations, missing teeth, or skeletal damage. The nurse is then required to accurately record her findings in the medical record, including a description of any physical evidence of abuse. She also has a responsibility to notify the authorities in situations where a child has already been abused or is at risk of being abused. Furthermore, the nurse must offer appropriate care and treatment to the child, such as a cold compress or pain medication.
Therefore, when a kid is being abused, a nurse should be able to spot the warning signs, diagnose the problem, offer to counsel and step in to stop the abuse and safeguard the child from further harm.
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if a patient authorizes it, you are permitted to disclose phi regardless of what is being requested.
This statement "if a patient authorizes it, you are permitted to disclose phi regardless of what is being requested." is false.
The HIPAA privacy regulation permits uses and disclosures of a patient's PHI for purposes of receiving payment for services without obtaining a consent or authorization. This includes revealing PHI to individuals handling the clinic's invoicing.
Under federal law, the HIPAA Privacy Rule specifies when a covered organization may use or disclose a person's protected health information (PHI). Generally speaking, a covered organization may only use or disclose PHI if: (1) the HIPAA Privacy Rule explicitly authorizes or requires it; or (2) the person whose information is being used or disclosed grants written consent.
We point out that additional federal or state privacy laws could be applicable; this blog exclusively covers HIPAA.
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Mr. Wingate is a newly enrolled Medicare Part D beneficiary and one of your clients. In addition to drugs on his plan’s formulary he takes several other medications. These include a prescription drug not on his plan’s formulary, over-the-counter medications for colds and allergies, vitamins, and drugs from an Internet-based Canadian pharmacy to promote hair growth and reduce joint swelling. His neighbor recently told him about a concept called TrOOP and he asks you if any of his other medications could count toward TrOOP should he ever reach the Part D catastrophic limit. What should you say?
The thing that I will say is that none of the costs of the other medications would currently count toward TrOOP but he can ask his plan for an exception in order to cover the prescription not on its formulary. This is related to Medicare.
What is Medicare?It should be noted that Medicare is a government health insurance program in the United States that subsidizes healthcare services.
One of the clients and a recently registered Medicare Part D beneficiary is Mr. Wingate and also uses a number of additional medications not listed on the formulary of his insurance plan that include include a prescription pill that isn't covered by his plan's formulary, over-the-counter meds for colds and allergies, vitamins, and medications.
It should be noted that he'll have to ask his plan in order to get the requirements.
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while caring for a patient with cirrhosis, the nurse knows that abnormalities in which phase of pharmacokinetics may occur?
Metabolism is the abnormality in the phase of pharmacokinetics that may occur while caring for a patient with cirrhosis.
The study of medication changes brought on by the body's physiological and metabolic processes is known as pharmacokinetics. In pharmacokinetics, there are four stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
The hepatocytes are where the medication is broken down. Phase I and phase II drug metabolism occurs in the liver for the medicines. The drug's therapeutic benefits are lost during phase I metabolism as a result of oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis.
The medication is ready to be excreted through bile or urine during phase II metabolism. Phase II of metabolism is when conjugation reactions happen. Since the liver is where medications are metabolized, a patient with liver cirrhosis will have a negative impact on drug metabolism.
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which intervention would the nurse implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has an elevated blood glucose
The intervention that the nurse would implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has elevated blood glucose is to provide supplemental doses of insulin.
What is type 1 diabetes?Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which the person cannot produce suitable levels of insulin hormone, which is required to metabolize carbohydrates and thereby it must be administrated.
In conclusion, the intervention that the nurse would implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has elevated blood glucose is to provide supplemental doses of insulin.
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a nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. which nursing action is most appropriate for handling chemotherapeutic agents?
Wear protective clothing and disposable gloves.
To avoid skin contact with chemotherapeutic drugs, a nurse must wear disposable gloves and protective attire. Needles shouldn't be recapped or broken by the nurse. When priming I.V. tubing, joining and disengaging tubing, placing syringes into vials, shattering glass ampules, or performing other procedures involving the handling of chemotherapeutic drugs, the nurse should utilize a sterile gauze pad. Needles, syringes, IV tubes, and other equipment that has been contaminated must be thrown away in a leak- and puncture-proof container.
Which medicine is used as chemotherapy?Corticosteroids Steroids, often known as corticosteroids, are natural hormones and hormone-like substances that are effective in treating a variety of cancers as well as other conditions. These medications are referred to as chemotherapy drugs when they are used to treat cancer
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a nurse is preparing to administer a medication into a client by the intradermal route after applying gloves and cleaning the site with an antiseptic swab. in what order should the nurse take the steps to administer the medication?
Here is the order should the nurse take the steps to administer the medication:
Should double check the dose, name of the medication and name of the patient, Should pull the skin taut with non dominant hand,Should hold the needle at the angle of 5 to 15 degree,Should insert the needle into the skin,Look for the formation of bleb or a weal,Remove the needle, Discard the needle, Wash hands,Make a note of the injection siteInjections given directly beneath the epidermis, into the dermis, are known as intradermal injections (ID). Of all parenteral methods, the ID injection route has the longest absorption period. Sensitivity tests, including those for TB, allergies, and local anesthesia, are conducted with these kinds of injections.
These tests have the benefit of making the bodily reaction visible and allowing for evaluation of the reaction's intensity. The inside surface of the forearm and the upper back, beneath the scapula, are the two most often utilized locations.
The visual assessment of the test findings may be impacted if the injection site has sores, rashes, moles, or scars.
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impact of injection protocol selection by retina specialists on clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema
For the treatment of diabetic macular edema, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are employed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in 170 eyes treated by 4 retina specialists using a pro re nata (PRN) strategy taken into consideration when determining the influence of the injection protocol.
It was discovered that BCVA and CMT during the initial visit were substantially correlated with improved BCVA and CMT over the course of treatment .
Explanation:
Anti-VEGF drugs prevent the growth of new blood vessels. Additionally, they halt aberrant blood vessel leaking that can saturate the macula.
Since these medications are injected right into your eye, you could feel a little pressure there. How many shots you will require will be decided by your doctor.
Most persons with centrally involved diabetic macular edema who experience visual loss should consider anti-VEGF injections as their first choice of treatment, according to the American Diabetes Association.
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What are the consequences of the Halo Effect?
O The personality of the individual will be accurately portrayed.
O Customers may be drawn toward a product for the wrong reasons.
O Only conscious messages will be introduced.
O Traits both negative and positive will be associated with an individual or person.
Answer:
Customers may be drawn toward a product for the wrong reasons.
a nurse is caring for four clients. which client is at a risk of meningitis, hearing loss, and generalized paresis
Client A is at a risk of meningitis, hearing loss, and generalized paresis.
Meningitis :An inflammation (swelling) of the linings that protect the brain and spinal cord is known as meningitis. The swelling is typically brought on by a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can also be brought on by wounds, cancer, some medications, and other infections.
Causes of meningitisAlthough bacteria or viruses are the most common causes of meningitis, there are really five different forms of the disease, each of which is categorized according to its root cause: bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, and non-infectious.
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