what are the three most common abnormal spinal curvatures named and what characterizes each curvature?
Exaggeration of the lumbar curve is termed lordosis
Accentuation of the thoracic curve is called kyphosis;
and Any lateral deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis.
Lordosis
An excessively inward curvature of the spine is known as lordosis as a spinal ailment. The cervical spine can also develop it, albeit it more frequently impacts the lumbar spine.
When a person's lordotic range is outside of the usual range, which is regarded as being between 40 and 60 degrees, difficulties might result.
Kyphosis
As a spinal disorder, kyphosis is characterized by an accentuated outward curve of the spine, which can result in a rounded front posture.
Kyphosis is usually between 20 to 45 degrees; however, when a structural defect results in a kyphotic curve that is greater than this normal range, the curvature becomes aberrant and troublesome.
Scoliosis
A spine that is abnormally laterally curled, rotates, and has a minimum Cobb angle measurement of 10 degrees is said to have scoliosis. A structural spinal disorder that progresses is scoliosis.
When I evaluate a patient's Cobb angle, I am able to determine how misaligned their spine is and classify the issue as mild (Cobb angle measurement of between 10 and 25 degrees), moderate (Cobb angle measurement of between 25 and 40 degrees), severe (Cobb angle measurement of 40+ degrees), or very severe (Cobb angle measurement of 80+ degrees).
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Cell communication requires that a chemical messenger and its appropriate receptor bind to initiate a signaling cascade. Describe the biogenesis of both the messenger and the receptor.
The biogenesis of messengers allows them to be encoded by genes and formed by macromolecules. In contrast, the biogenesis of receptors is encoded by the cells they target.
What is biogenesis?It is the production of living beings.It is the composition of living beings from another living being.Cells are living organisms, for this reason, we can say that the formation of cellular messengers and receptors should be called biogenesis.
The production, encoding, and regulation of messenger and receptor cells are carried out by the molecules they synthesize or are formed from. Therefore, we can say that in both cases, genes are primarily responsible for encoding these molecules at the time of biogenesis.
Furthermore, messengers are formed by hydrolysis of macromolecules, while receptors are formed from the needs of target cells.
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kirtland’s warbler is a rare bird that breeds in a small area of michigan and lives in jack pine forests of more than 80 acres in size. it nests on the ground under jack pine trees that are about five feet tall, or between five and eight years old. this is a description of one aspect of the kirtland’s warbler’s ? group of answer choices functional role. diversity. niche. lifestyle.
Kirtland's warbler that nests on the ground under jack pine trees that are about five feet tall, or between five and eight years old describes about the aspect niche.
Kirtland's warbler are grayish-yellow song-birds. The local name of the bird is jack pine bird. These birds are critically endangered as their requirements for the habitats are quite selective. They are known to lay eggs on the nest of other birds.
Niche is the functional area of an organism. Taking the example of the warblers they live in the jack pine forest but their functional area is only the ground under the jack pine trees. They can neither reside on the tree nor on the top of the tree. therefore, the ground is their niche.
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Beryllium-9 has four protons and four electrons. Calculate how many neutrons it has.
No. Of neutrons in Beryllium is 5.
We know that, Atomic no. Of beryllium is 4 and atomic mass is 9.
Thus, no. Of neutrons is,
Atomic mass – atomic no. Or no. Of protons(no. of protons = atomic no.)
9-4= 5
Thus, the no. Of neutrons in Beryllium atom is 5.
Neutrons are discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. In an experiment, the physicist James Chadwick attacked Beryllium with alpha particles produced by the radioactive decay of polonium naturally. High radiation penetration through a lead shield was seen.
While in 1909, Ernest Rutherford discovered protons, by his gold foil experiment. He bombarded an incredibly thin gold foil with alpha particles.
Neutrons are defined as neutral subatomic particles that are found in all atomic nuclei, with the exception of common hydrogen. Mass of neutron is 1.67492749804× 10²⁷ kg, and has no electric charge, it is neutral. In the dense inner core of an atom, protons and neutrons, collectively known as nucleons.
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explain your reasoning and why the evidence supports your claim. connect the data back to what you learned about the impact of mountain pine beetles on lodgepole pine trees.
Several mountain pine beetle epidemics have happened in lodgepole pine forests for thousands of years. This is the impact of social mountain pine beetles on lodge pine trees.
What is the effect of pine beetle epidemics?At periodic intervals, epidemics lasting 5 to 20 years strike broad areas and frequently destroy more than 80% of the trees larger than 10 cm (about 4 inches) in diameter.
There is a significant range in the mortality of pure lodgepole pine woods. Lodgepole pine seedlings and saplings have been liberated from intense stand competition in some woods that appear to have been utterly decimated.
There is no one, obvious reason why a population might grow to epidemic proportions. In the case of lodgepole pine, details are available on the ecology of the mountain pine beetle population. However, there is no data available about the changeover to the epidemic population.
Therefore, several mountain pine beetle epidemics have happened in lodgepole pine forests for thousands of years.
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a large population of mice (2000 individuals) lived in an area in the desert dominated by small shrubs. when the population size got too high, a small group of 6 individuals left and colonized an area adjacent to the original population's home, but the adjacent area was primarily dominated by trees instead of shrubs. there is no gene flow between the dispersers and the original population. a researcher sequenced the genomes of representative individuals from both populations and found substantial genetic differences between them. which of the statements would most account for the amount of genetic differences observed?
The small population will have undergone more evolution than the vast population since the first dispersal event.
What is meant by genetic difference?
Individuals within a population can be distinguished by genetic differences.
It's possible for a newborn's germ line to have distinct genetic modifications "de novo" (e.g., as a result of mutation in sperm or egg).
various genetic variations
Indels, Copy Number Variations, Translocations and Inversions, Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms/Single-nucleotide Variations (SNP/SNVs), and Single-nucleotide Variations (SNP/SNVs).
What types of genetic differences are there?Genes take on various shapes, or alleles, as a result of genetic variation.
People with blue eyes, for instance, have one allele of the eye color gene, whereas those with brown eyes will have a different allele of the gene.
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suppose there is a population of plants that have either purple flowers or white flowers, and the allele for purple flowers is dominant.
suppose there is a population of plants that have either purple flowers or white flowers, and the allele for purple flowers is dominant. These means that purple flower will appear even in the heterozygous condition.
The dominant alleles are the alleles which are able to express themselves even in the heterozygous condition.
The recessive alleles are the alleles that can express themselves only in the homozygous condition.
In this case the purple flower is dominant allele and white flower is recessive allele. Hence the purple flower will be expressed even in the heterozygous condition.
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What is the common name of halobacterium salinarum and is it heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Answer:
Common name for halobacterium salinarum is Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium
halobacterium salinarum is heterotrophic
Explanation:
Halophilic Archaea, which are generally heterotrophic and aerobic, likely evolved from an autotrophic, anaerobic methanogenic ancestor by acquiring many genes from Bacteria via lateral gene transfer.
Halobacterium salinarum, formerly known as Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium, is an extremely halophilic marine obligate aerobic archaeon. Despite its name, this is not a bacterium, but a member of the domain Archaea. It is found in salted fish, hides, hypersaline lakes, and salterns.
Scientists study apple trees. In the fruit color gene, G leads to green apples and is dominant over red (g). S leads to sweet apples and is dominant over sour (s). They find the alleles for the two genes are arranged as shown on the same chromosome. Which of the following situations will they observe?
A. The two traits will likely be inherited together.
B. One gene will cancel out the effect of the other.
C. Both genes will have an effect on the other trait.
D. The environment will determine the traits of the apple, not the two genes.
Answer:
A. The two traits will likely be inherited together.
Explanation:
Make a claim and support how Greek mythology is alive in society, identifying at least one (1) piece of textual evidence from the text to support your claim. 5 sentences 1 paragraph
References to Greek Mythology can nonetheless be determined in our discussions about science, arts, literature, language, names, and types. Thinkers from historic Greece additionally laid the foundations for many regions of having a look at together with astrology, arithmetic, biology, engineering, medication, or linguistics.
There are numerous greek effects on our culture today. however, these impacts are not very well known in our contemporary society. The Greek way of life affects our ordinary way of life. They created democracy, the alphabet, libraries, the Olympics, math, technological know-how, structure, and even lighthouses.
Greek mythology was used as a way to provide an explanation for the surroundings in which humankind lived, the natural phenomena they witnessed, and the passing of time via the days, months, and seasons.
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The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and.
Answer: lymph
Explanation: right in mastering
The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph.
Extracellular fluid comprises of all body fluids found outside the cells in the body, which makes up about one-third of all body fluids. Extracellular fluid is subdivided into interstitial fluid, blood plasma and lymph. The lymph and blood plasma act as transport systems, while the interstitial fluid bathes all the cells and provides water and electrolytes for exchange.
Interstitial fluid: The interstitial fluid can be found between cells and blood capillaries, enabling exchange of materials like glucose, oxygen and other nutrients through diffusion. It also holds waste materials from cell metabolism like carbon dioxide. Plasma: It is the extracellular fluid found in the blood vessels and is similar in composition to the interstitial fluidLymph: It is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system. Lymph is involved in the breakdown and digestion of fats from the digestive system. It also defends the body against foreign pathogens using special cells called lymphocytes.Learn more about extracellular fluid here:
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A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. Which result would you predict for the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer? assume that the yeast must expend the same amount of energy to survive in both environments.
After the transfer from aerobic to anaerobic environment the rate of ethanol production will increase and the rate of glucose utilization would decrease.
Why the rate of ethanol production increases and glucose is broken down?
See when the yeast was pacing in aerobic environment that is in the presence of oxygen it does not grow with fast speed.When yeast is transferred to anaerobic environment it grows rapidly.In anaerobic environment yeast breaks down glucose.By breaking down glucose releases ethanol and an appreciable amount of CO2.That's why yeast grows rapidly in anaerobic environment comparatively.Yeast with expending same amount of energy survive in anaerobic condition.To know more about yeast visit:
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i'm doing cell organelle speed dating and i need an appropriate pickup line relating to cytoplasm PLEASE HELP FOR BRAINLIEST
Ribosome:
I'm always making things for my friends
I'm the only protein you need (because they make proteins)
I might not be a nucleus, but at least I actually work for my living (the nucleus instructs the ribosomes to do the work)
I was into codons before everyone started reading them
You need me to survive (ribosomes are an organelle shared by all kinds of cells)
Rough ER is forever alone without me
Can produce similarities in body form when similar environments and natural selection have favored similar adaptations.
The correct answer is Convergent evolution.
When similar environments and natural selection have favored similar adaptations, convergent evolution can result in similarities in physical form.Similarities at the molecular level are proof that life has a common ancestor. Comparing DNA sequences can reveal the relationships between various species.Biogeography, the study of how organisms are distributed geographically, sheds light on when and how possible species may have evolved.The similarities between shark and dolphin bodies, vertebrate and cephalopod eyes, and bat and insect wings are all examples of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution produces similar structures, but not analogous ones.Divergent evolution involves species with a common ancestor that change to become progressively dissimilar through time as opposed to convergent evolution, which involves unrelated species that gradually acquire similar traits.Researchers can now compare their DNA. The greatest proof of evolution from a common ancestor is similar DNA sequences.Learn more about convergent evolution here:
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3. Which phase of the cell cycle is the period of growth and development?
Answer:
interphase
Explanation:
A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.
Anything detected with the five
senses is considered an ______.
Anything detected with the five senses is considered an observation.
The five senses of the humans are: touch, sight, smell, hearing and taste. The touch can be felt through the skin. The smell is received by the nose. The hearing is performed by the ears. The sight us due to the eyes. And the taste is due to the taste buds in the tongue inside the mouth.
Observation is the phenomenon of acquiring information about something. This information can be acquired in the form of smell, taste, sight, etc. The observation can be stored in the brain in the form of memory.
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A group of students observed a line of ants traveling along
a single path within an enclosure. When the students
moved a single ant to a new area, the ant moved at
random.
Which claim is supported by the students' observations?
O A. Ants are more likely to move randomly in a group than on their
own.
B. There is a pattern in one ant's movement, but it is not relevant to
other ants.
C. There is no pattern in ants' movements, which appear to always be
random.
D. There is a pattern in the movements of ants in a group that is likely
caused by another factor.
The claim which is supported by the students' observations: (D) There is a pattern in the movements of ants in a group that is likely caused by another factor.
Ants travel in a straight line or path within an enclosed area. However, a single ant when moved out from this path to a new area moves randomly. The observations suggests that ants follow a pattern or trail while they move together in a group which can be the result of another factor.
The factor responsible for the movement of ants in a group can be associated with the chemical trail in the form of pheromones. Ants leave behind pheromones when they travel in a group so that they can pick up the scent of the leader ant and follow the same path.
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Answer:
it's the D)
Explanation:
determine if the following heart structure carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood and drag them to the corresponding boxes
Oxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
aortapulmonary veinleft ventricleDeoxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
pulmonary trunkpulmonary arteryright atriumWhich blood vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?Oxygenated blood is blood which has a high concentration which is coming from the lungs.
Oxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
aortapulmonary veinleft ventricleDeoxygenated blood is blood which comes from the body going towards the lungs.
Deoxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
pulmonary trunkpulmonary arteryright atriumIn conclusion, the blood vessels are responsible for transporting blood trough the body.
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wha are macro and micronutrients ?
Answer:
macronutrients are the nutrients that the body requires in large amounts, while micronutrients are those required in smaller amounts. To break this down even further, macronutrients make up your total caloric intake, and include carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Explanation:
Macronutrients are the nutrients we need in larger quantities that provide us with energy: in other words, fat, protein and carbohydrate. Micronutrients are mostly vitamins and minerals, and are equally important but consumed in very small amounts. We generally get our micronutrients along with macronutrients.
19. An example of a population is
A.
all trees in a forest
B. all maple trees in a forest
C. all plants in a forest
D. all animals in a forest
Answer:
B. all maple trees in a forest
Explanation:
50 POINTS!
The image below represents which form of cellular transport?
A. Simple Diffusion
B. Facilitated Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active Transport
Answer: D- active transport
active transport is movement of particles from an area of low concentration to high concentration through a membrane, using energy in the form of ATP.
In the image we can clearly see that particles move from the right to the left. The right has less particles and the left has more. ATP is used too.
hope it helps.
This is an example of active transport, as ATP or energy is used for the transfer of the molecule across the membrane. Hence, option D is the correct answer.
What is active transport?
Polar molecules can't directly pass through the nonpolar cell membrane. Small polar molecules can pass through the membrane by channels. Larger polar molecules like glucose and amino acids can't pass through the membrane. Hence, they are taken to cells by using ATP (energy). When ATP is used for transportation, it is called "active transport."
In the case of passive transport, ATP is not used. Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are some examples of passive transport. In the given diagram, the molecule is passed from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. Energy is used here for the transfer process. This is an active transport.
Other options are wrong. Water passes through the membrane by osmosis. Molecules move from higher to lower concentrations in simple diffusion, and in facilitated diffusion, a carrier is involved. None of the processes requires ATP.
Hence, the correct answer is active transport. Option D is the correct answer.
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mendel used pollen from a purple-flowered pea plant to fertilize a white-flowered pea plant. he also used pollen from a white-flowered pea plant to fertilize a purple-flowered pea plant. this approach is called making reciprocal crosses.
Making reciprocal crosses is the term for this method.
For what was Mendel renowned?Gregor Mendel uncovered the basic principles of inheritance through his study on pea plants. He concluded that genes are inherited from each parent as separate, paired units. Mendel observed how parental genes separated and if they showed up as dominant or recessive qualities in the children.What exactly did Gregor Mendel test?Mendel, a monk, carried out experiments in the yard of his monastery where he discovered the fundamentals of heredity. His research established the basis for contemporary genetics and the study of heredity by demonstrating that specific features in pea plants inherit in specific ways.learn more about mendel here
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which is an example of potential energy? multiple choice an apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill a pile of leaves that have been burned a candle giving off light
The correct option is (A) An apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules.
An apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules is an example of potential energy.
What is Potential energy?Potential energy is the energy held by a structure and placement of matter in space. Raising a kettlebell, for example, alters its spatial location and boosts its potential energy. Similar to a stretched rubber band, which has potential energy that can be changed into kinetic energy under specific circumstances. The potential energy is present in an apple hanging from a tree because of its elevated location. The fruit is falling because it has kinetic energy. As a result, when the apple starts falling, the potential energy that was previously held in it at its raised position is converted into kinetic energy.
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What is a phospholipid molecule made of?
if you’re a u.s. citizen or green card holder you don’t need to show proof of vaccination or a negative covid test
If you’re a u.s. citizen or green card holder you don’t need to show proof of vaccination or a negative covid test. The statement is true.
What is the difference between a Green Card and U.S. Citizenship?Green Card and U.S. citizenship holder can reside and involve in the function in United States legally where a Green Card holder is refer to someone who has been granted to live in the United States with a given photo ID.
Green Card holders have some duties and are the permanent residents who have the right to work and give petition of their close family members for a Green Card.
On the other hand U.S. Citizen live and work together to get federal assistance, they are also called as U.S. citizen by their birth in a process called naturalization process.
A U.S. citizen can get a U.S. passport and many countries allow them for visa-free to travel different countries as U.S. citizens, they leave and reenter the U.S. at any time.
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consequences of cardiac myocyte-specific ablation of katp channels in transgenic mice expressing dominant negative kir6 subunits
These mice gained weight and developed after birth similarly to non-transgenic mice, however an increased mortality was seen after 4-5 mo. As shown by patch clamp methods, cardiac KATP channel activity was absent in transgenic animals. The action potential duration was prolonged in these mice, which is consistent with a reduced current density seen at positive voltages.
What is cardiac myocyte ?The primary functioning unit of the organ is the cardiac myocyte. A lipid membrane that is supported by a collagenous cytoskeleton physically separates the cell from the outside world. Although the membrane is impervious to ions and the majority of substances, proteins placed into it allow ions and other substances to pass through.
The cells that produce contractile force in an undamaged heart are known as cardiomyocytes. The cardiac conduction system, which is in charge of controlling the heart's rhythmic beating, is made up of specialised cardiomyocytes.Learn more about Cardiac myocyte here:
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Identify the body planes and cavities in these diagrams.
The body planes and cavities in the given diagrams is listed below:-
11. Sagittal plane
12. Coronal plane
13. Transverse plane
14. Dorsal body cavity
15. Pleural cavity
16. Abdominal cavity
17. Pelvic cavity
18. Ventral body cavity (both thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)
The human body can be divided anatomically into three body planes, i.e. Sagittal plane, Coronal plane and Transverse plane. Sagittal plane is a vertical line dividing the body into a left section and a right section while the Coronal plane vertically divides the body into an anterior or front and posterior or back section. The Transverse plane horizontally divides the body into an upper and a lower section.
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Why are floods most common in the spring and summer in Mississippi?
Answer:
The Mississippi basin is prone to flooding on an annual basis because of the combination of spring rains and snowmelt, but due to higher than usual amounts of both, the flooding was exaggerated.
Explanation:
look at googl3
why are all parts of a system equally important?
Answer:
They are equally important because of you lost one part of your system, its counterpart may become weaker if they were related, making that part less important. No part of your system is more important than the other, they should be measured equally, because every part contributes to us as humans.
Hope this helps.
examine the following genetic sequences and determine which pair are the most similar based on their ed (evolutionary distances).
Most similar are:
Species 1 = ATTGGCCATT
Species 3 = TTTGGCCATT
Genetic sequence alignment is dependent on estimations of the evolutionary distance between the sequences and their most recent common ancestor. Unfortunately, it is well known that the assessment of evolutionary distance is very prone to mistake for short sequences, which are the topic of many alignments in practice. It is difficult to enhance current estimators without further knowledge about the sequences. Using an interval rather than a single estimate, this work shows how imprecise probability theory enables us to significantly weaken assumptions about the evolutionary distance. Through a generalization of the well-known Needleman- Wunsch technique, it is demonstrated how under these weaker assumptions a suitable alignment may still be established.
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