Translate each statement into a logical expression. Then negate the expression by adding a negation operation to the beginning of the expression. Apply De Morgan's law until each negation operation applies directly to a predicate and then translate the logical expression back into English.
Sample question: Some patient was given the placebo and the medication. ∃x (P(x) ∧ D(x)) Negation: ¬∃x (P(x) ∧ D(x)) Applying De Morgan's law: ∀x (¬P(x) ∨ ¬D(x)) English: Every patient was either not given the placebo or not given the medication (or both).(a) Every patient was given the medication.(b) Every patient was given the medication or the placebo or both.(c) There is a patient who took the medication and had migraines.(d) Every patient who took the placebo had migraines. (Hint: you will need to apply the conditional identity, p → q ≡ ¬p ∨ q.)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

To begin, i will like to break this down to its simplest form to make this as simple as possible.

Let us begin !

Here statement can be translated as: ∃x (P(x) ∧ M(x))

we require the Negation: ¬∃x (P(x) ∧ M(x))

De morgan's law can be stated as:

1) ¬(a ∧ b) = (¬a ∨ ¬b)

2) ¬(a v b) = (¬a ∧ ¬b)

Also, quantifiers are swapped.

Applying De Morgan's law, we have: ∀x (¬P(x) ∨ ¬M(x)) (∃ i swapped with ∀ and intersecion is replaced with union.)

This is the translation of above

English: Every patient was either not given the placebo or did not have migrane(or both).

cheers i hope this helped !!


Related Questions

In the lab, you defined the information systems security responsibility for each of the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure. In which domain are you most likely to find service provider service level agreements (SLAs), managed security services, monitoring, and reporting?

Answers

Answer:

LAN/WAN domain

Explanation:

This is the boundary between trusted adn untrusted zones. All SLA's, managed security services, their monitoring and reporting is done by this domain.

Someone help me with this

Answers

Answer:

(b) public String doMath(int value){

return " " + (value * 3);

}

Explanation:

Two of the answers doesn't even have a variable to pass into. In order, to return a String the return " " in b will do this. Therefore, I think the answer is b.

Write a basic program that performs simple file and mathematical operations.
a. Write a program that reads dates from input, one date per line. Each date's format must be as follows: March 1, 1990. Any date not following that format is incorrect and should be ignored. Use the find() method to parse the string and extract the date. The input ends with -1 on a line alone. Output each correct date as: 3/1/1990.
b. After the program is working as above, modify the program so that it reads all dates from an input file "inputDates.txt" (an Example file is attached).
c. Modify your program further so that after parsing all dates from the input file "inputDates.txt", it writes out the correct ones into an output file called: "parsedDates.txt".
Ex: If the input is:
March 1, 1990
April 2 1995
7/15/20
December 13, 2003
-1
then the output is:
3/1/1990
12/13/2003

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

I have written the Python program based on your requirements.

Just give the path of the input file and the path for the output file correctly where you want to place the output file.

In, my code - I have given my computer's path to the input and output file.

You just change the path correctly

My code works perfectly and I have tested the code with your inputs.

It gives the exact output that you need.

I have attached the Output that I got by running the below program.

Code:

month_list={ "january":"1","february":"2", "march":"3","april":"4", "may":"5", "june":"6","july":"7", "august":"8", "september":"9","october":"10", "november":"11", "december":"12"} input_file=open('C:\\Users\\Desktop\\inputDates.txt', 'r') output_file=open('C:\\Users\\Desktop\\parsedDates.txt','w') for each in input_file: if each!="-1": lis=each.split() if len (lis) >=3: month=lis [0] day=lis[1] year=lis [2] if month.lower() in month_list: comma=day[-1] if comma==',': day=day[:len (day)-1] month_number=month_list[month.lower()] ans-month_number+"/"+day+"/"+year output_file.write (ans) output_file.write("\n") output_file.close() input_file.close()

- O X parsedDates - Notepad File Edit Format View Help 3/1/1990 12/13/2003

- X inputDates - Notepad File Edit Format View Help March 1, 1990 April 2 1995 7/15/20 December 13, 2003 -1

cheers i hope this helped !!

In this exercise we have to use the knowledge in computer language to write a code in python, like this:

the code can be found in the attached image

to make it simpler we have that the code will be given by:

month_list ={"january": "1", "february": "2", "march": "3", "april": "4", "may": "5", "june": "6", "july": "7", "august": "8", "september": "9", "october": "10", "november": "11", "december":"12"}

input_file = open ('C:\\Users\\Desktop\\inputDates.txt', 'r') output_file =

open ('C:\\Users\\Desktop\\parsedDates.txt', 'w') for each

in input_file:if each

 !="-1":lis = each.split ()if len

   (lis) >= 3:month = lis[0] day = lis[1] year = lis[2] if month

    .lower ()in month_list:comma = day[-1] if comma

    == ',': day = day[:len (day) - 1] month_number =

 month_list[month.lower ()]ans - month_number + "/" + day + "/" +

 year output_file.write (ans) output_file.write ("\n") output_file.

 close ()input_file.close ()

See more about python at brainly.com/question/26104476

Two of the most fundamental functions for dealing with interprocess communication are read() and write(). Consider the following otherwise valid C program:int r, pipeFDs[2];
char message[512];
pid_t spawnpid;

pipe(pipeFDs);
spawnpid = fork();

switch (spawnpid)
{
case 0:
close(pipeFDs[0]); // close the input file descriptor
write(pipeFDs[1], "hi process, this is the STUFF!!", 21);
break;

default:
close(pipeFDs[1]); // close output file descriptor
r = read(pipeFDs[0], message, sizeof(message));
printf("Message received from other: %s\n", message);
break;
}

Select each of the following answers that is correct. CAN BE MULTIPLE CHOICES...
(1) The read() call may block until data becomes available
(2) When the read() call returns, this one call will return all of the data that was sent through the pipe, which is different behavior than if this was a socket
(3) If the read() call blocks, the process will be suspended until data arrives
(4) The write() call will return before all of the data has been written, if the corresponding read() call blocks mid-transfer
(5) Pipes can fill, which will cause the write() call to block until the read() call is able to read data from the pipe

Answers

Answer: Provided in the explanation section

Explanation:

int r, pipeFDs[2];

char message[512];

pid_t spawnpid;

pipe(pipeFDs);

spawnpid = fork();

switch (spawnpid)

{

case 0:

close(pipeFDs[0]); // close the input file descriptor

write(pipeFDs[1], "hi process, this is the STUFF!!", 21);

break;

default:

close(pipeFDs[1]); // close output file descriptor

r = read(pipeFDs[0], message, sizeof(message));

printf("Message received from other: %s\n", message);

break;

}

Observation of the program:

The read() call may block until data becomes available If the read() call blocks, the process will be suspended until data arrives Pipes can fill, which will cause the write() call to block until the read() call is able to read data from the pipe

⇒ Therefore,Option 1,3 and 5 correct

Cheers i hope this helped !!!

Max magnitude Write a method maxMagnitude() with two integer input parameters that returns the largest magnitude value. Use the method in a program that takes two integer inputs, and outputs the largest magnitude value. Ex: If the inputs are: 5 7 the method returns: 7 Ex: If the inputs are: -8 -2 the method returns: -8 Note: The method does not just return the largest value, which for -8 -2 would be -2. Though not necessary, you may use the absolute-value built-in math method. Your program must define and call a method: public static int maxMagnitude(int userVal1, int userVal2)

Answers

Answer:

The java program is as follows.

import java.lang.*;

public class Numbers

{

   //variables to hold two numbers

   static int num1=-8, num2=-2;

   //method to return integer with higher magnitude

   public static int maxMagnitude(int userVal1, int userVal2)

   {

       if(Math.abs(userVal1) > Math.abs(userVal2))

           return userVal1;

       else    

           return userVal2;

   }

public static void main(String[] args) {

    int max = maxMagnitude(num1, num2);

 System.out.println("The number with higher magnitude among "+num1+ " and "+num2+ " is "+max);

}

}

OUTPUT

The number with higher magnitude among -8 and -2 is -8

Explanation:

1. Two integer variables are declared to hold the two numbers. The variables are declared at class level (outside main()) and declared static.

2. The variables are initialized with any random value.

3. The method, maxMagnitude(), takes the two integer parameters and returns the number with higher magnitude. Hence, return type of the method is int.

public static int maxMagnitude(int userVal1, int userVal2)

4. This method finds the number with higher magnitude using the Math.abs() method inside if-else statement.

               if(Math.abs(userVal1) > Math.abs(userVal2))

                   return userVal1;

        else    

                   return userVal2;

5. Inside main(), the method, maxMagnitude(), is called. This method takes the two variables as input parameters.

6. The integer returned by the method, maxMagnitude() is assigned to a local integer variable, max, as shown.

      int max = maxMagnitude(num1, num2);

7. The result is displayed to the user as shown.

System.out.println("The number with higher magnitude among "+num1+ " and "+num2+ " is "+max);

8. The class variables and the method, maxMagnitude(), are declared static so that they can be used and called inside main().

9. The variable, max, is called local variable since it can be used only within the main() where it is declared. It is not declared static.

10. The class is declared public since it has the main() method and execution begins with main().

11. The program is saved with the same name as the name of the public class having main(). In this case, the program is saved as Numbers.java.

12. No user input is taken for the two input parameter values. The static variables can be assigned any integer value and the program can be tested accordingly.

How are a members details be checked and verified when they return to log back in to the website ?

Answers

Answer:

When you sign into a website, you have to enter a password and username most of the time, which will allow the website to know that you have checked in and it is you, who is using your account.

#Write a function called "scramble" that accepts a string #as an argument and returns a new string. The new string #should start with the last half of the original string #and end with the first half. # #If the length of the string is odd, split the string #at the floor of the length / 2 (in other words, the second #half is the longer half). # #For example: # scramble("abcd") -> "cdab" # screamble("abcde") -> "cdeab" # scramble("railroad")) -> "roadrail" # scramble("fireworks")) -> "worksfire"

Answers

Answer:

def scramble(s):

   if len(s) % 2 == 1:

       index = int(len(s)//2)

   else:

       index = int(len(s)/2)

   

   return s[index:] + s[:index]

Explanation:

Create a function called scramble that takes one parameter, s

Check the length of the s using len function. If the length is odd, set the index as the floor of the length/2. Otherwise, set the index as length/2. Use index value to slice the s as two halves

Return the second half of the s and the second half of the s using slice notation (s[index:] represents the characters from half of the s to the end, s[:index] represents the characters from begining to the half of the s)

Consider that a large online company that provides a widely used search engine, social network, and/or news service is considering banning ads for the following products and services from its site: e-cigarettes, abortion clinics, ice cream, and sugared soft drinks. Which, if any, do you think they should ban? Give reasons. In particular, if you select some but not all, explain the criteria for distinguishing.

Answers

Answer:

I think that they should ban ads for all four products.  These products, e-cigarettes, abortion clinics, ice cream, and sugared soft drinks, are all discreet adult products that should not be advertised because of their health hazards.  Since the "large online company provides a widely used search engine, social network, and/or news service, which are mainly patronized by younger people, such ads that promote products injurious to individual health should be banned.  Those who really need or want these products know where they could get them.  Therefore, the products should not be made easily accessible to all people.  Nor, should ads promote their patronage among the general population.

Explanation:

Advertisements create lasting and powerful images which glamourize some products, thereby causing the general population, especially children, to want to consume them without any discrimination of their health implications.  If online banning is then contemplated, there should not be any distinguishing among the four products: e-cigarettes, abortion clinics, ice cream, and sugared soft drinks.

What did Aristotle teach?

Answers

Philosophy, I beleive. He tought Sikander liturature and eloquence, but his most famous teachings were of philosophy.

Aristotle taught the world science. He was considered the best scientists of his time.

You can add additional design elements to a picture by adding a color background, which is accomplished by using what Paint feature?
Pencil tool

Shapes tool

Color Picker tool

Fill with Color tool

Answers

Answer:

Fill with Color tool

Look at attachment.

Answers

Answer: Choice 1

Explanation:

The turtle will loop around 9 times since each time we are subtracting 10 until it hits 10 from 100. Only the first one seems to be like that.

Hope that helped,

-sirswagger21

Answer:

Explanation:

I switch.my acounntt it got hacked

A small publishing company that you work for would like to develop a database that keeps track of the contracts that authors and publishers sign before starting a book. What fields do you anticipate needing for this database

Answers

Answer:

The database can include the fields related to the Author such as name and address, related to Publisher such as publisher's name and address, related to book such as title and ISBN of the book and related to contract such as payment schedule, contract start and end.

Explanation:

The following fields can be needed for this database:

Author First_NameAuthor's Last_NameAuthors_addressPublisher_namePublisher_addressBook_titleBook ISBNcontract date : this can be start_date (for starting of contract) and end_date ( when the contract ends) payment_made: for payment schedule.

Write a Python program that can compare the unit (perlb) cost of sugar sold in packages with different weights and prices. The program prompts the user to enter the weight and price of package 1, then does the same for package 2, and displays the results to indicate sugar in which package has a better price. It is assumed that the weight of all packages is measured in lb. The program should check to be sure that both the inputs of weight and price are both positive values.

Answers

Answer:

This program is written using python

It uses less comments (See explanation section for more explanation)

Also, see attachments for proper view of the source code

Program starts here

#Prompt user for price of package 1

price1 = int(input("Enter Price 1: "))

while(price1 <= 0):

     price1 = int(input("Enter Price 1: "))

#Prompt user for weight of package 1

weight1 = int(input("Enter Weight 1: "))

while(weight1 <= 0):

     weight1 = int(input("Enter Weight 1: "))

#Calculate Unit of Package 1

unit1 = float(price1/weight1)

print("Unit cost of Package 1: "+str(unit1))

#Prompt user for price of package 2

price2 = int(input("Enter Price 2: "))

while(price2 <= 0):

     price2 = int(input("Enter Price 2: "))

#Prompt user for weight of package 2

weight2 = int(input("Enter Weight 2: "))

while(weight2 <= 0):

     weight2 = int(input("Enter Weight 2: "))

#Calculate Unit of Package 2

unit2 = float(price2/weight2)

print("Unit cost of Package 2: "+str(unit2))

#Compare units

if unit1 > unit2:

     print("Package 1 has a better price")

elif unit1 == unit2:

     print("Both Packages have the same price")

else:

     print("Package 2 has a better price")

Explanation:

price1 = int(input("Enter Price 1: ")) -> This line prompts the user for price of package 1

The following while statement is executed until user inputs a value greater than 1 for price

while(price1 <= 0):

     price1 = int(input("Enter Price 1: "))

weight1 = int(input("Enter Weight 1: ")) -> This line prompts the user for weight of package 1

The following while statement is executed until user inputs a value greater than 1 for weight

while(weight1 <= 0):

     weight1 = int(input("Enter Weight 1: "))

unit1 = float(price1/weight1) -> This line calculates the unit cost (per weight) of package 1

print("Unit cost of Package 1: "+str(unit1)) -> The unit cost of package 1 is printed using this print statement

price2 = int(input("Enter Price 2: ")) -> This line prompts the user for price of package 2

The following while statement is executed until user inputs a value greater than 1 for price

while(price2 <= 0):

     price2 = int(input("Enter Price 2: "))

weight2 = int(input("Enter Weight 2: ")) -> This line prompts the user for weight of package 2

The following while statement is executed until user inputs a value greater than 1 for weight

while(weight2 <= 0):

     weight2 = int(input("Enter Weight 2: "))

unit2 = float(price2/weight) -> This line calculates the unit cost (per weight) of package 2

print("Unit cost of Package 2: "+str(unit2)) -> The unit cost of package 2 is printed using this print statement

The following if statements compares and prints which package has a better unit cost

If unit cost of package 1 is greater than that of package 2, then package 1 has a better priceIf unit cost of both packages are equal then they both have the same priceIf unit cost of package 2 is greater than that of package 1, then package 2 has a better price

if unit1 > unit2:

     print("Package 1 has a better price")

elif unit1 == unit2:

     print("Both Packages have the same price")

else:

     print("Package 2 has a better price")

Assume that you have a list of n home maintenance/repair tasks (numbered from 1 to n ) that must be done in numeric order on your house. You can either do each task i yourself at a positive cost (that includes your time and effort) of c[i] . Alternatively, you could hire a handyman who will do the next 4 tasks for the fixed cost h (regardless of how much time and effort those 4 tasks would cost you). The handyman always does 4 tasks and cannot be used if fewer than four tasks remain. Create a dynamic programming algorithm that finds a minimum cost way of completing the tasks. The inputs to the problem are h and the array of costs c[1],...,c[n] .

a) Find and justify a recurrence (without boundary conditions) giving the optimal cost for completing the tasks. Use M(j) for the minimum cost required to do the first j tasks.

b) Give an O(n) -time recursive algorithm with memoization for calculating the M(j) values.

c) Give an O(n) -time bottom-up algorithm for filling in the array.

d) Describe how to determine which tasks to do yourself, and which tasks to hire the handyman for in an optimal solution.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) The recurrence relation for the given problem is :

T(n) = T(n-1) + T(n-4) + 1

(b) The O(n) time recursive algorithm with memoization for the above recurrence is given below :

Create a 1-d array 'memo' of size, n (1-based indexing) and initialize its elements with -1.

func : a recursive function that accepts the cost array and startingJobNo and returns the minimum cost for doing the jobs from startingJobNo to n.

Algorithm :

func(costArr[], startingJobNo){

if(startingJobNo>n)

then return 0

END if

if(memo[startingJobNo] != -1)

then return memo[startingJobNo];

END if

int ans1 = func(costArr, startingJobNo+1) + costArr[startingJobNo]

int ans2 = func(costArr, startingJobNo+4) + h

memo[startingJobNo] = min(ans1,ans2);

return memo[startingJobNo];

}

(c)

First, Create a 1-d array 'dp' of size, N+1.

dp[0] = 0

bottomUp(int c[]){

for  i=1 till i = n

DO

dp[i] = min(dp[i-1] + c[i], dp[max(0,i-4)] + h);

END FOR

return dp[n];

}

(d)

Modifying the algorithm given in part (b) as follows to know which job to do yourself and in which jobs we need to hire a handyman.

First, Create a 1-d array 'memo' of size, n (1-based indexing) and initialize its elements with -1.

Next, Create another 1-d array 'worker' of size,n (1-based indexing) and initialize its elements with character 'y' representing yourself.

Algorithm :

func(costArr[], startingJobNo){

if(startingJobNo>n)

then return 0

END if

if(memo[startingJobNo] != -1)

then return memo[startingJobNo];

END if

int ans1 = func(costArr, startingJobNo+1) + costArr[startingJobNo]

int ans2 = func(costArr, startingJobNo+4) + h

if(ans2 < ans1)

THEN

for (i = startingJobNo; i<startingJobNo+4 and i<=n; i++)

DO

// mark worker[i] with 'h' representing that we need to hire a mechanic for that job

worker[i] = 'h';

END for

END if

memo[startingJobNo] = min(ans1,ans2);

return memo[startingJobNo];

}

//the worker array will contain 'y' or 'h' representing whether the ith job is to be done 'yourself' or by 'hired man' respectively.

Write a function to_pig_latin that converts a word into pig latin, by: Removing the first character from the start of the string, Adding the first character to the end of the string, Adding "ay" to the end of the string. So, for example, this function converts "hello"to "ellohay". Call the function twice to demonstrate the behavior. There is a worked example for this kind of problem.

Answers

Answer:

def to_pig_latin(word):

   new_word = word[1:] + word[0] + "ay"

   return new_word

print(to_pig_latin("hello"))

print(to_pig_latin("latin"))

Explanation:

Create a function called to_pig_latin that takes one parameter, word

Inside the function, create a new_word variable and set it to the characters that are between the second character and the last character (both included) of the word (use slicing) + first character of the word + "ay". Then, return the new_word.

Call the to_pig_latin function twice, first pass the "hello" as parameter, and then pass the "latin" as parameter

Answer:

...huh?

Explanation:

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Which of the following is the slope of the line that passes through the points (-3,5) and (-3,-2) ray bought the seven books shown below as well as an eighth book. the eighth book was $21.90. what was the price of the eighth book ? will mark bianleastWhat is the distance between the points (8, 2) and (7, 2)?161015 From the conversation with attorney david cortman, when can you initiate talking about christianity? Break the word "already" into syllables, use the symbol (/) to separateword *Your answer write about the circulation of lymph for class 10 Helppp! Which statement describes an endocrine function rather than an exocrinefunction?O A. Pyloric glands release mucus into the stomach.B. Salivary glands release saliva into the mouth.O C. Cells in the pancreas release insulin into the blood.D. Sweat glands release sweat onto the skin. an allusion is reference in a text to? What does the colour blue symbolise and how does it relate to royalty? The first digit in any number must be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 because we do not write numbers such as 15 as 015. While it is reasonable to think that for most real-life data each digit occurs with equal frequency so that each digit 1, 2, ..., 9 has probability 1/9 of being the first digit, this is not true. It is a surprising phenomenon that in many naturally occurring numbers and web-based data the first digit has a probability distribution known as Benford's law. Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, states that in lists of numbers from many (but not all) real-life sources of data, the leading digit is distributed in a specific, non-uniform way. Specifically, for d = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Benford's law states P(first digit is d) = log_10(1+(1/d)) . The distribution of the first digit according to Benford's law, calculated to 3 decimal places, is shown in the table below. Benford's lawFirst Digit X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Probability .301 .176 .125 .097 .079 .067 .058 .051 .046 Benford's Law and the Equally Likely Model benford equally likely The law is named after physicist Frank Benford, who stated it in 1938, although it had been previously stated by Simon Newcomb in 1881. A surprising variety of data from the natural sciences, social affairs, and business obeys Benford's law. This result has been found to apply to a wide variety of data sets, including electricity bills, street addresses, stock prices, population numbers, death rates, lengths of rivers, physical and mathematical constants, and processes described by power laws (which are very common in nature). Numbers that are assigned, such as social security numbers and zip codes, or data with a fixed maximum, such as deductible contributions to individual retirement accounts, or randomly generated numbers, do not follow Benford's law. 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