what were the ziggurats

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

_________________________

A ziggurat (/ˈzɪɡʊˌræt/ ZIG-uu-rat; Akkadian: ziqquratu,D-stem of zaqāru 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude' is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels. Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the now destroyed Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk.

The biblical account of the Tower of Babel has been associated by modern scholars to the massive construction undertakings of the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, and in particular to the ziggurat of Etemenanki in Babylon in light of the Tower of Babel Stele describing its restoration by Nebuchadnezzar II.

The design of the ziggurat was probably a precursor to that of the pyramids of Egypt, the earliest of which dates to circa 2600 BCE.

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Ziggurats were built by ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Elamites, Eblaites and Babylonians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex that included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period[9] during the sixth millennium. The ziggurats began as a platforms (usually oval, rectangular or square). The ziggurat was a mastaba-like structure with a flat top. The sun-baked bricks made up the core of the ziggurat with facings of fired bricks on the outside. Each step was slightly smaller than the step below it. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on these glazed bricks. The number of floors ranged from two to seven.

According to archaeologist Harriet Crawford, "It is usually assumed that the ziggurats supported a shrine, though the only evidence for this comes from Herodotus, and physical evidence is non-existent. It has also been suggested by a number of scholars that this shrine was the scene of the sacred marriage, the central rite of the great new year festival. Herodotus describes the furnishing of the shrine on top of the ziggurat at Babylon and says it contained a great golden couch on which a woman spent the night alone. The god Marduk was also said to come and sleep in his shrine. The likelihood of such a shrine ever being found is remote. Erosion has usually reduced the surviving ziggurats to a fraction of their original height, but textual evidence may yet provide more facts about the purpose of these shrines. In the present state of our knowledge it seems reasonable to adopt as a working hypothesis the suggestion that the ziggurats developed out of the earlier temples on platforms and that small shrines stood on the highest stages..." citation needed] Access to the shrine would have been by a series of ramps on one side of the ziggurat or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. The Mesopotamian ziggurats were not places for public worship or ceremonies. They were believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron god. Only priests were permitted on the ziggurat or in the rooms at its base, and it was their responsibility to care for the gods and attend to their needs. The priests were very powerful members of Sumerian and Assyro-Babylonian society.

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According to Herodotus, at the top of each ziggurat was a shrine, although none of these shrines have survived. One practical function of the ziggurats was a high place on which the priests could escape rising water that annually inundated lowlands and occasionally flooded for hundreds of kilometers, for example, the 1967 flood. Another practical function of the ziggurat was for security. Since the shrine was accessible only by way of three stairways, a small number of guards could prevent non-priests from spying on the rituals at the shrine on top of the ziggurat, such as initiation rituals like the Eleusinian mysteries, cooking of sacrificial food and burning of carcasses of sacrificial animals. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex that included a courtyard, storage rooms, bathrooms, and living quarters, around which a city spread.

According to popular belief, the helical minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra was built on the model of the Zikkurat. Another example of a ziggurat with an outer spiral ramp is the tower of Khorsabad.

Al Zaqura Building in Baghdad, constructed in the 1970s

The shape of the ziggurat experienced a revival in modern architecture and Brutalist architecture starting in the 1970s. The Al Zaqura - Arabic; الزاكورة- Building is an government building situated in Baghdad. It serves the office of the prime minister of Iraq.  


Related Questions

What were the causes of the Russian Revolution? Consider the long term unrest and the role World War 1 played. use two of these vocabulary words in the 100-200 word essay, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism
Czar Nicholas II, Bloody Sunday
1905 Revolution, World War I
March Revolution,Bolshevik Revolution / October Revolution
Russian Civil War, Vladimir Lenin, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Josef Stalin, USSR / Soviet, Union, Cold War

Answers

Answer:

byuxgusbkefsfjwbu7mcbr

Explanation:

because god said so

Helping tips for your Essay:

-Czar Nicholas II was indecisive and unconfident. He was not ready to become Czar. He lost a war to Japan during the Russo-Japanese War, which made him even more unpopular. He also tried to lead as head of the military during WW1 with many military defeats.

-Czar Nicholas II was highly unpopular since the start of his reign the Czar. During his coronation, free food was handed out to peasants over military training grounds. As the peasants arrived in massive groups more people fell in trenches that were covered with think planks of wood. Some died by the horde of people moving. After the day, people started calling him "Nicholas the Bloody"

-Russian Civil War was two sided, The Bolsheviks "The Reds" and the Royalists/ Reformists "The Whites" The Reds won and established the USSR.

-USSR stands for Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

-Josef Stalin became leader of the USSR after Vladimir Lenin passed away. He led the country during WW2 and died in 1953

In your opinion, what was the biggest source of conflict between the United States and tribes living on the Great Plains before and during the Plains Wars? What eventually brought an end to the Plains Wars? Explain your answer in 75 to 100 words.

Answers

Answer:

Vast land

Explanation:

The great plains were the region of Texas, Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. In the 1840s, settlers moved west to the Great Plains as they were looking for gold and land.

Settlers were not the only inhabitant in the Great Plains but also had many Indians tribes. The government tried to get their land and sell it to settlers. Many of the Indians were hunters, not farmers. They relied on nature for their survival. Buffalo lived on the Great Plains, and Indians hunted them for food and other uses.

The destruction of Buffalo herds was the trainloads which allowed white men who shoot bison in the Plains. Bison killed as the government gave the authorization to shoot to clear land for farming and to make Native Indians declined. Native Indians depended on the bison for their fur, skin, meat, and fur.

The Sand Creek Massacre, the Battle of wounded Knee, and Battle of the Little Bighorn were some of the famous battles. The defeat of the Indians brought an end of the conflict with sending them to live in the reservations.

Answer:

The movement of white settlers to the West was a big source of conflict between the United States and the tribes of the Great Plains. The government moved the tribes onto the reservations to make room for US settlement. The tribes’ way of life, including hunting bison across the Great Plains, conflicted with expanding settlement.

In the end, the Native Americans on the Great Plains could no longer find enough food to survive. The bison they hunted disappeared as more people hunted the animals for sport. Though the tribes tried to fight back, US troops didn’t give up their campaign to move Native Americans onto reservations in Indian Territory.

Explanation:PLATO

Help pleaseee asap
How would a commoner have used this political cartoon to justify a revolution?

Answers

Answer:

A commoner would use this since it portrays 2 wealthy looking men in nice clothes riding on a poor old man. It shows that the riches are rich since they use the poor people of society to help him climb up to the ranks. They would want to revolt to make sure that the poor can live a rich life too, not just controlled by the aristocracy.

Explanation:

Match each description under the correct empire Mauryan empire and Gupta empire.
PLEASE HELP FAST!!!

Answers

Gupta Empire:
Expanded trade with Europe, China.
Made great cultural advancements.
Used the modern numbering system.
Invented standardized weight system.

Mauryan Empire:
United India for the first time.
Ruled by Ashoka.
Used army to conquer large territory.
Lasted only about 100 years.
Hope that helps.

Gupta Empire:

Expanded trade with Europe, and China.

Made great cultural advancements.

Used the modern numbering system.

Invented a standardized weight system.

Mauryan Empire:

United India for the first time.

Ruled by Ashoka.

Used army to conquer large territory.

Lasted only about 100 years.

What do you mean by Mauryan Empire and Gupta Empire?

The Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in India, based in Magadha province, having been founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, and existing in until 185 BCE.

Chandragupta united India for the first time with the help of his teacher Chanakya, also called Kautilya or Vishnugupta. One of the great leaders of this empire was The Great Ashoka, who conquered many parts of the Indian subcontinent and is also remembered for the propagation of Buddhism in several countries.

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire that existed from 319 to 467 CE; it covered many parts of the Indian subcontinent. This period is remembered as the Golden Age of India because of the cultural achievements by historians.

The Gupta Empire expanded trade with Europe and China during the reign of Samudragupta. The rulers of this empire built many temples across the whole of India as well as outside India and flourished India's culture in many countries. They used modern numbering systems for calculations and for other work.

Therefore, Gupta Empire is related to:

Expanded trade with Europe, and China.

Made great cultural advancements.

Used the modern numbering system.

Invented a standardized weight system.

And Mauryan Empire related to:

United India for the first time.

Ruled by Ashoka.

Used army to conquer large territory.

Lasted only about 100 years.

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You have recently bought four tickets for $15 each to a professional baseball game. You would have been willing to pay $25 for a ticket, but probably would have bought fewer tickets if that were the case. Calculate your total consumer surplus as area.

Answers

Answer:

$80

Explanation:

Step one:

What is consumer surplus area?

"Consumer Surplus reflects the difference between what a consumer is willing and able to pay for a product, and what the consumer actually ends up paying.

"

The area of surplus is calculated using the formula for the area of the bounded triangle.

Area of surplus =1/2 b*h

where b= the quantity

           h= consumer surplus

Step two:

given data

the quantity of tickets = 4

b=Q-O------------ (from the chart attached)

cost per tieckt= $15

Total cost of 4 tickets= 15*4= $60

the actual price is $60

Since you are willing to pay $25 per ticket

the total amount you are willing to  pay is = 25*4= $100

Consumer surplus = y-p------------ (from the chart attached)

Consumer surplus = $100 – $60

Consumer surplus = $40

Area of surplus = 1/2 x (4) x40 = $80

At the beginning of the 1900’s New Mexico was ____________________. a. totally focused on mining. b. trying to become a state. c. developing new technology d. developing connections with other countries. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

Answers

Answer:

trying to become a state

Explanation:

Answer: It is (B) Trying to become a state.

Explanation:

In what ways did the Enlightenment influence ideas that led to the American Revolution? (WHII5.e)
a
New ideas about government led to the colonists questioning British rule
b
The salons influences the French and Indian War
c
The heliocentric theory caused unrest among the colonists
d
New ideas about government spurred colonists to become more loyal to the British monarchy

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

fast 20 points How did the Columbian Exchange affect the economy of indigenous Americans?

It increased their wealth.
It disrupted their trade practices.
It expanded their export opportunities.
It decreased their ability to farm the land.

Answers

B is the correct answer

It disrupted their trade practices did the Columbian Exchange affect the economy of indigenous Americans. Hence, option B is correct.

What is Columbian Exchange affect the economy?

As a result of the Columbian Exchange, there is now a greater variety of items available on both sides of the Atlantic, increasing worldwide trade. While new diseases mostly wiped out the aboriginal population in the Americas, new food sources encouraged population growth in Europe.

While aiding the export of New World goods like sugar, tobacco, cocoa, and potatoes to the Old World, Christopher Columbus also brought horses, sugar plants, and disease to the New World. The Columbian Exchange is the method by which goods, people, and diseases were transported over the Atlantic.

The transmission of diseases, the spread of plants and animals, and Native American conquest were the three main outcomes of the Columbian exchange. These affected people not only at the time, but also in the present.

Thus, option B is correct.

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markings brainliesttt!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

to promote understanding.....

Explanation:

i just did it

To promote understanding! My explanation: I did this test :)

HURRY
What was one result of the Treaty of Paris?


It allowed the British to regain control of the Mississippi River.

It gave the Spanish control of the Florida territory.

It restored territory to Native Americans in the West.

It created trading agreements between the colonies and France.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783, ending the War of the American Revolution. Based on a 1782 preliminary treaty, the agreement recognized U.S. independence and granted the U.S. significant western territory.

Hope it helps ("

how did the Atlantic slave trade lead to the African diaspora
plz help will give brailiest for best answer

Answers

Answer: Large communities of Africans developed in the countries where slaves were sold.

Explanation:

Which of the following was a result of Greek being the Byzantine Empire's official language?
A. When Greek become the official state language, Latin became less important.
B. Greek was the language of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which influenced many countries beyond the empire.
C. Greece and the Byzantine Empire had a stronger relationship after Greek became the empires official language.
D. The Byzantine Empire helped preserve Ancient Greek culture and literature/

Answers

Answer:

B. Greek was the language of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which influenced many countries beyond the empire.

Explanation:

Took the test

In the 1900 how much did the average worker make per hour?

Answers

Answer:

I think it was 37 cents an hour.

Explanation:

Explanation:

The average American worker earned approximately $12.98 per week for 59 hours of work in 1900—$674.96 a year. Most workers did not earn that much money.

ANSWER ASAP!!!

born in genoa italy it was natural for christopher columbus to become a ____
a; weaver
b; tavern keeper
c; sailor
d; book seller

Answers

Christopher Columbus was a voyager who traveled to many places to find territories.

It would be c. Sailor

Answer:

a: weaver

Explanation:

"By 1472 Columbus had learned his father's trade, for in that year he is called LANAIOLO, a worker in wool. It is not clear when he became a sailor, or why. "From a very early age," he states in a 1501 letter, "I entered sailing upon the sea and have continued it until today.""

Match each historical figure with their ideas about presidency
1. Hamilton
2. Jefferson
Thought citizens could make good decisions for themselves and their country. Believed the country should be led by the voice of citizens. Wanted to promote agriculture

Though humans generally could not be trusted. Believe the country should be ruled by education wealthy man. Wanted to promote business manufacturing and trade

Answers

Answer:

Hamilton-1

Jefferson-2

Explanation:

Thought citizens could make good decisions for themselves and their country. Believed the country should be led by the voice of citizens. Wanted to promote agriculture- Hamilton

Though humans generally could not be trusted. Believe the country should be ruled by education wealthy man. Wanted to promote business manufacturing and trade-Jefferson

why does the dad sell the horse war horse

Answers

Answer:

because he didn't like the horse cause it kept kicking him

Explanation:

Answer:

Albert's dad said that he sold Joey to the army because he needed the money.

Explanation:

I need help in my history class. If you can help please do.

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

European nations established colonies in the New World because they were relying on an economic system known as mercantilism. Which of the following "rules of thumb" provides the best summary of the theory of mercantilism?A.it's best to import raw materials and export finished productsB.the bigger the population, the stronger the economyC.human labor is cheaper than raw materialsD.don't ever trade with nation's that are economic competitors

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Read this passage. It takes place just after Alfonso has promised to take Sandra riding, but he’s broken his bike chain. At four he decided to get it over with and started walking to Sandra's house, trudging slowly, as if he were waist-deep in water. Shame colored his face. How could he disappoint his first date? She would probably laugh. —“Broken Chain,” Gary Soto What evidence from the passage supports the theme “People often care about what others think of them”? Alfonso deciding to go out with Sandra Alfonso worrying that Sandra will laugh Alfonso being angry at himself for blushing

Answers

Answer:

B edge 2020

Explanation:

Answer:

Alfonso worrying that Sandra will laugh

Explanation:

2. Why did South Carolina have fewer free African-Americans than other colonies?

owners had to pay a fee to the General Assembly to free their slaves.

slaves who were freed had trouble paying rent

slaves were valuable and owners were hesitant in freeing them

owners had to pay for the moving expenses for the slaves they set free.​

Answers

Answer:

The first settlers came to the Province of Carolina at the port of Charleston in 1670; they were mostly wealthy planters and their slaves coming from the English Caribbean colony of Barbados. They started to develop their commodity crops of sugar and cotton.

Explanation:

follow me

Features of the command economy of ancient
Egypt 1. 2. 3. PLZ HELP

Answers

Answer:

Some of the natural features of ancient Egypt include the Nile River that runs down the middle of Egypt, the arid desert to the East and West, the fertile Nile Valley and Delta, and the cataracts of the Nile.

Explanation:

Ancient Egypt was a command economy, there was a central government that was essential to control the economy. The production of goods and distributing materials were controlled by the same government. The economic decisions were confined by the Pharaoh with some advice from his viziers.

The Ancient Egypt practiced the Theocracy style of government and command economy.

The command economy is one where the government dictates the levels of production and prices of goods and services.

The features of the command economy of Ancient Egypt includes:

The Pharaoh determined the price of all goods.The production of good were under control of the governmentCollection of Tax was very paramount to the government during the time.

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define the principle you have selected and explain how it supports ideas in the preamble?

Answers

Answer:

Define the principle you have selected and explain how it supports ideas in the preamble. ... This principle is called "separation of powers." Each branch of government holds distinct but equal authority. For example, Congress has the power to create laws, while the president has the power to execute these laws.

Explanation:

Who is the “Governor of Washington D.C.? Why might this be important?

Answers

Answer:

Governor Jay Inslee.

and is this current of old gov?

Answer:

Jay Inslee

Explanation:

The current Governor of Washington D.C. is "Jay Inslee." It is important to know this information most definitely if you live within the state because the Governor is the head of the state. One of the main jobs of a Governor is for him/her to oversee and give executive orders that will best benefit the state.

Hope this helps.

Which of these groups benefited from American trade policy during the early years of the war in Europe? (5 points)
a.U.S. government

b.American banks and businesses

c. Allied soldiers fighting the Germans

d. leading politicians and generals

Answers

Explanation:

American banks and businesses

True of False

George Washington did not believe that the United States government was founded on the Christian religion.

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

True he didn’t believe that at all he but he did intended religious freedom in the us to apply to all religions

What troubled Muhammad about the wealthy citizens of Makkah?

Answers

Answer:

Hope This helps.

Explanation:

As Islam spread, Muhammad threatened the local tribes and Meccan rulers because their wealth depended on the Kaaba. Muhammad's preaching was particularly offensive to his own Quraysh tribe because they guarded the Kaaba and drew their political and religious power from its polytheistic shrines.

What was the immediate reason that caused US Secretary of State william Jennings Bryan to resign in June 1915

Answers

Answer:

On June 9, 1915, United States Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns due to his concerns over President Woodrow Wilson's handling of the crisis generated by a German submarine's sinking of the British passenger liner Lusitania the previous month, in which 1,201 people—including 128 Americans—died.

Explanation:

The US Secretary, William Jennings Bryan, resigned because he did not agree with the decision made by the president about the submarine sinking.

Who is William Jennings Bryan?

At the age of  36, Bryan became and still is the youngest presidential candidate in U.S. history. He was a political leader, activist, and a great lawyer with strong speeches.

At that point in time, people there was a treaty between the Germany and United States about submarine warfare. but the Germans did not abide by that treaty, and their submarine shrunk to with passengers.

So the current president of that time President Woodrow Wilson wrote a strong letter to Germany. but after their response came, the president was not happy with the response, and so he wrote a strongly worded letter, to which Secretary  William Jennings Bryan objected and was concerned that it would lead to war, so he decided to resign from his position.

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Herodotus said “The Nile, when it floods, spreads over not only the Delta but parts of what are called Libya and Arabia for two days’ journey in either direction, more or less. . . .This that I have mentioned was the subject of my persistent asking why, and also why it is that it is the only river that has no breezes blowing from it.”—Herodotus, The History, 2.19. What lands beside Egypt does the Nile flood?CHECK ALL THAT APPLY *
Mesopotamia
Ethiopia
Libya
Arabia

Answers

Answer:

Libya and Ethiopia

Explanation:

The aerial shots in Mysteries of Egypt capture the beauty of the Nile Valley. ... For centuries, the Nile River flooded the valley, enriching the land with a thick layer of ... Donkeys and horses came from Asia around 1600 B.C., and camels were ... Without its water and rich soil, the Egyptian civilization would not have emerged.

What is the most acceptable and easy way to revise a budget to allow for the purchase of a new couch?

Answers

Answer:

Well you could cook dinners at home instead of going out to eat.

Explanation:

This would save you more money to buy a new couch.

Answer:

Cook dinners at home instead of going out to eat

Explanation:

It allows you to save your money and gather enough to buy a couch

Why did Progressives seek to expand democracy both domestically and in foreign affairs?

Answers

Answer:

Progressive were trying to restrict who could participate vin american democracy, while democratizing america even more for those included

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