Business

Sherrod, Incorporated, reported pretax accounting Income of $86 million for 2024 . The following information relates to differences between pretax accounting Income and taxable Income: a. Income from installment sales of propertles included in pretax accounting income in 2024 exceeded that reported for tax purposes by $5 million. The Installment recelvable account at year-end 2024 had a balance of $6 million (representing portions of 2023 and 2024 Installment sales), expected to be collected equally in 2025 and 2026. b. Sherrod was assessed a penalty of $2 million by the Environmental Protection Agency for volation of a federal law in 2024 . The fine is to be pard in equal amounts in 2024 and 2025. c. Sherrod rents its operating facilitles but owns one asset acquired in 2023 at a cost of $92 million. Depreciation is reported by the straight-Ine method, assuming a four-year useful life. On the tax return, deductlons for depreclation will be more than straightIine depreclation the first two years but less than stralght-line depreclation the next two years (\$ in millions): d. For tax purposes, warranty expense is deducted when costs are incurred. The balance of the warranty liability was $1 million at the end of 2023. Warranty expense of $5 million is recognized in the income statement in 2024.$3 million of cost is incurred in 2024 , and another $3 million of cost anticipated in 2025 . At December 31,2024 , the warranty liability is $3 million (after adjusting entrles). e. In 2024, Sherrod accrued an expense and related llability for estimated pald future absences of $12 million relating to the company's new paid vacation program. Future compensation will be deductlble on the tax return when actually pald durling the next two years (\$10 million in 2025; $2 million in 2026). f. During 2023, accounting income included an estimated loss of $6 million from having accrued a loss contingency. The loss is paid in 2024, at which time it is tax deductible.