Answer:
The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies. Antibodies attach to an antigen and attract cells that will engulf and destroy the pathogen. The main cells of the immune system are lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells.
Lake Michigan holds 13 billion gallons of water. If just Chicago removed water from the lake and it never rained again, how many decades would the water last?
Answer:
Check explanation section.
Explanation:
In order to be able to answer this question accurately,there is need to follow the formula below for the calculation;
Numbers of decades = total volume/ volume per decade. ----------------------(1).
So, we are given from the Question above that the volume of water in Lake Michigan = 13 billion gallons of water.
And if chicago uses 5 million gallons of water every decade.
Therefore, using the formula (1) above, we have;
Numbers of decades = 13 × 10^9/ 5 × 10^6 = 2.6 × 10^15 decades.
22. The metal roof of a building has turned a light green colour. The metal roof is most likely
the difference in energy between the n=1 and n=2 energy levels in a hydrogen atom is 1.64x10^-18 J. what happens when an electron in a hydrogen atom transitions from n=2 to n=1?
Answer:
It emits 1.64 x 10⁻¹⁸J of energy
Explanation:
The n = 1 is a lower quantum level compared to n = 2.
When a hydrogen atom moves from a higher level to a lower one, it simply emits the energy difference between the two levels.
If a hydrogen atom moves from a lower energy level to a higher one such as from 1 to 2, they absorb the energy difference to attain the new excited state. So, for an electron in the hydrogen atom to move from a higher energy level to a lower one, it must emit 1.64 x 10⁻¹⁸J of energy.Please help me please it due today at 11:00am plz help me
Answer:
Point F
Explanation:
Point F is the maximum potential energy.
Point G is lots of kinetic energy.
Point H is low potenital energy and low kinetic energy.
How much work (in JJ) is required to expand the volume of a pump from 0.0 LL to 2.5 LL against an external pressure of 1.1 atmatm
Answer:
- 278.85 J
Explanation:
Given that:
Pressure = 1.1 atm
The initial volume V₁ = 0.0 L
The final volume V₂ = 2.5 L
The work that takes place in a reaction at constant pressure can be expressed by using the equation:
W = P(V₂ - V₁ )
Since the volume of the gas is expanded from 0 to 2.5 L when 1.1 atm pressure is applied. Then, the work can be given by the expression:
W = - P(V₂ - V₁ )
W = -1.1 atm ( 2.5 - 0.0) L
W = -1.1 atm (2.5 L)
W = -2.75 atm L
Recall that:
1 atm L = 101.4 J
Therefore;
-2.75 atm L = ( -2.75 × 101.4 )J
= -278.85 J
Thus, the work required at the chemical reaction when the pressure applied is 1.1 atm = - 278.85 J
PLEASE HELP!!!!
what happens when the ocean reaches it’s saturation level of carbon dioxide?
Hi!
When the ocean reaches its saturation level of carbon dioxide, a couple of things will happen:
First, more carbon dioxide will remain in the atmosphere, and second, the ocean's pH will drop.
Carbonate and bicarbonate ions in seawater act as a buffer system which keeps the ocean's pH levels stable. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with the ocean's buffer system in such a way that it produces two hydrogen ions, which lowers the pH. As more and more CO2 reacts with the ocean's buffer system and the system becomes saturated, less atmospheric carbon dioxide will cross over into the ocean. This excess CO2 will remain in the atmosphere and contribute to global climate change.
Hope this helped!
When the ocean reaches it's saturation level of carbon dioxide more amount of carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere and pH of the ocean drops.
What is saturation level?It is defined as the level or extent up-to which a substance is soluble in a particular solvent. Due to global warming ,there is an excessive release of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. The excessive amount cannot be soluble in the ocean water which leads to ocean acidification.
As a result of ocean acidification the pH of water in the ocean drops thus there is less amount of oxygen present for aquatic organisms which is needed to survive. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it yields carbonic acid which further reduces the pH of water and thus making it unfit for aquatic environment.
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Explain why a buffer can be prepared from a mixture of NH4CL and NaOH but not from NH3 and NaOH .
A buffer solution is often referred to as a mixture of an aqueous solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid.
NH4CL is a weak base and NaOH is a strong base and when both it gives you a basic buffer and the result will give you an acid/base needed for the buffer.NH 3 is a weak base, but NaOH is a strong base and therefore the combination of these solutes would not make a buffer solution because both will give you a base and no acid.Conclusively we can say that an acid or base needed for making buffer solutions and not base alone
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Which statement is not true for a magnetic field?
O A. A magnetic field occurs near a wire that has no current.
OB. A magnetic field is produced by a magnet with two poles.
O c. A magnetic field loops from the north pole to the south pole.
O D. A magnetic field occurs near a current-carrying wire.
Answer:
The answer is letter A.
A. A magnetic field occurs near a wire that has no current.
Because magnetic field occur near a current carrying wire.
name the intermolecular force between Ne in liquid
Answer:
Intermolecular forces in liquid are
Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions.
Answer:
it is found in the halogen ,the no le gases and in other non polar molecules such as co2 and methane. Landon dispersion force are part of the Vander waals force or weak intermolecular attraction
An ideal gas had a mass of 0.0218g and occupied a volume of 1.111L at 0oC and 0.0100atm. What is the molar mass of this gas?
Answer:
Explanation:
we shall use gas law formula to solve the problem .
P = .01 atm
V = 1.111 L
T = 273 K
mass of gas = .0218
molar mass = M
no of moles n = .0218 / M
PV = n RT
.01 x 1.111 = (.0218 / M) x .082 x 273
.0218 / M = .000496
M = .0218 / .000496
= 43.95
How do you think energy flows in and out of the earth's atmosphere ?
If 49.0 g of O2 is mixed with 49.0 g of H2 and the mixture is ignited, what is the maximum mass of water that may be produced?
Answer:
[tex]55.2gH_2O[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce water is:
[tex]2H_2+O_2\rightarrow 2H_2O[/tex]
When equal masses of each reactant go in contact to carry out the reaction, we can identify the maximum mass of yielded water as the fewest mass yielded by each reactant, just as shown below:
[tex]m_{water}^{by\ H_2}=49.0gH_2*\frac{1molH_2}{2.02gH_2}*\frac{2molH_2O}{2molH_2}*\frac{18.02gH_2O}{1molH_2O} =170gH_2O\\\\m_{water}^{by\ O_2}=49.0gO_2*\frac{1molO_2}{32.0gO_2}*\frac{2molH_2O}{1molO_2}*\frac{18.02gH_2O}{1molH_2O} =55.2gH_2O[/tex]
Thus, since hydrogen yields more water than real, we limit the maximum mass of water to those 55.2 g yielded by oxygen as hydrogen would be in excess.
Best regards!
A mixture of two gases with a total pressure of 2.00 atm contains 0.70 atm of Gas A. What is the partial pressure of Gas B in atm?
The partial pressure of Gas B : 1.3 atm
Further explanationDalton's Law stated
the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases
Can be formulated:
[tex]\tt P~tot=P1+P2+P3...Pn[/tex]
P tot = 2 atm
P gas A = 0.7 atm
So P gas B :
[tex]\tt P~gas~B=P~tot-P~gas~A\\\\P~gas~B=2-0.7=1.3~atm[/tex]
The partial pressure of Gas B in the mixture of two gases has been 1.3 atm.
The partial pressure of the gas can be defined as the pressure of the particular gas in the mixture of gases.
According to dalton, the total pressure of the gas has been the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases.
Thus, total pressure = partial pressure of gas A + partial pressure of gas B
Given, total pressure = 2 atm
The partial pressure of gas A = 0.70 atm
So, the partial pressure of Gas B = total pressure - partial pressure of gas A
The partial pressure of Gas B = 2.0 atm - 0.70 atm
The partial pressure of Gas B = 1.3 atm
Thus, the partial pressure of Gas B in the mixture of two gases has been 1.3 atm.
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For the reaction of nitric oxide and oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide, the reaction begins with 12.0 g of nitric oxide and 12.0 g of oxygen at 25oC in a 10.0 L container. At equilibrium, the pressure in the container is 1148 mmHg, what is Kp?
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the undergoing chemical reaction is:
[tex]2NO+O_2\rightleftharpoons 2NO_2[/tex]
The equilibrium expression in terms of pressures is:
[tex]Kp=\frac{p_{NO_2}^2}{p_{NO}^2p_{O_2}}[/tex]
Thus, for the initial conditions, we compute the initial pressures of both nitric oxide and oxygen:
[tex]p_{NO}^{0}=\frac{12.0g*0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*298.15K}{30g/mol*10.0L}=0.978atm\\\\ p_{O_2}^{0}=\frac{12.0g*0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*298.15K}{32g/mol*10.0L}=0.917atm[/tex]
Next, since the equilibrium pressure is 1148 mmHg or 1.51 atm, we can write:
[tex]p_T=p_{NO_2}+p_{NO}+p_{O_2}\\\\1.51=2x+0.978-2x+0.917-x\\\\1.51=1.90-x\\\\x=0.39atm[/tex]
Thus, the Kp turns out:
[tex]Kp=\frac{(2*0.39)^2}{(0.978-2*0.39)^2(0.917-x)} \\\\Kp=29.4[/tex]
Best regards!
Suppose in an experiment to determine the amount of sodium hypochlorite in bleach, 0.0000538 mo KIO3 were titrated with an unknown solution of Na2S2O3 and the endpoint was reached after 17.80 mL. How many moles of Na2S2O3 did this require?
Answer:
3.228x10⁻⁴ moles of Na2S2O3 are required
Explanation:
In iodometry, the reaction of KIO3 with Na2S2O3 is:
KIO3 + 6 Na2S2O3 + 6H⁺ → KI + 3Na2S4O6 + 3H2O + 6Na⁺
Where 6 moles of Na2S2O3 reacts per moles of KIO3.
The moles of Na2S2O3 required to reach endpoint when 0.0000538 moles of KIO3 are:
0.0000538 moles of KIO3 * (6 moles Na2S2O3 / 1 mol KIO3) =
3.228x10⁻⁴ moles of Na2S2O3 are requiredIf 0.0806 mol CaCl2 is dissolved in water to make a 0.490 M solution, what is the volume of the solution?
Answer:
0.16 L
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mole = 0.0806 mole
Molarity = 0.490 M
Volume =?
Molarity is simply defined as the mole of solute per unit litre of the solution. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
Molarity = mole /Volume
With the above formula, we can obtain the volume of the solution as illustrated below:
Mole = 0.0806 mole
Molarity = 0.490 M
Volume =?
Molarity = mole /Volume
0.490 = 0.0806/volume
Cross multiply
0.490 × volume = 0.0806
Divide both side by 0.490
Volume = 0.0806 / 0.490
Volume of solution = 0.16 L
Thus, the volume of the solution is 0.16 L.
A solution is a mixture of solute in the solvent. The volume of the solution is 0.16 L.
What is a solution?A solution is a mixture of solute in the solvent.
An example of a solution is a mixture of salt in water.
Given,
Moles = 0.0806 mol [tex]\rm CaCl_2[/tex]
Molarity = 0.490 M
To find: the volume of the solution
[tex]Molarity = \dfrac{n}{V}[/tex]
Putting the values
[tex]0.490 M = \dfrac{ 0.0806}{V}\\\\0.490 M \times V = 0.0806\\\\Divide\; both\;side\; with\; 0.490\\\\V= \dfrac{ 0.0806}{0.490}=0.16 L[/tex]
Thus, the volume so the solution is 0.16 l.
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Explain some of the uses of metals based on their properties.
Answer:
Explain some of the uses of metals based on their properties.
Explanation:
Metals have a shiny or metallic luster and are good conductors of heat and electricity, they can be bent and pounded in various shapes, so they can be used on cars, coins, some pipes, keys, and and a flag.
How do hurricanes form? How do hurricanes form?
a Hurricanes form when winds circulate about a column of cool air.
b Hurricanes form when two warm fronts meet over the ocean
c Hurricanes form when warm air over the equator mixes with cold air from the poles
d Hurricanes form as a result of rising warm air and circulating winds
Answer:
D. Hurricanes form as a result of rising warm air and circulating winds
Explanation:
I need help click the image please help
Answer:
Answer:
a plant cell
Explanation:
because the chrolopast is green
Explanation:
Which reason best explains why metals are malleable
Because they have delocalized electrons
Because they have localized electrons
Because they have ionic bonds
Because they have rigid bonds
Answer:
A.) because they have delocalized electrons
Explanation:
This is right on edg. 2020
Answer:
Bruzaaubrey is 100% correct
Explanation:
the proper answer is: "Because they have delocalized electrons(A)"Make sure to mark bruzaaubrey brainliest :)
7.46 - A 0.0500-mol sample of a nutrient substance is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 2.00 x 10g H20. If the formula weight of this nutrient substance is 114 g/mol, what is the fuel value (in nutritional Cal) if the temperature of the water increased 5.70C?
Answer:
[tex]200\frac{kcal}{g}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, for this calorimetry problem, since the combustion 0.0500 mol of the nutrient increase the temperature of water by 5.70 °C, we can notice that the heat lost by the nutrient is gained by water in order to write:
[tex]Q_{nutrient}=-Q_{water}[/tex]
Which can be also written as:
[tex]Q_{nutrient}=-m_{water}C_{water}\Delta T_{water}\\\\Q_{nutrient}=-200 g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C}*5.70\°C\\\\Q_{nutrient}=4769.8 J[/tex]
Thus, in terms of the grams of the nutrient:
[tex]m_{nutrient}=0.0500mol*\frac{114g}{1mol}=5.70g[/tex]
The fuel value in nutritional Cal (kcal/g) turns out:
[tex]Fuel \ Value=\frac{-4.7698kJ}{5.70g}*\frac{1kcal}{4.184kJ}=200\frac{kcal}{g}[/tex]
Best regards!
In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 1.60 g of NH4NO3 was mixed with 75.0 g of water at an initial temperature of 25.008C. After dissolution of the salt, the final temperature of the calorimeter contents was 23.348C.
Required:
a. Assuming the solution has a heat capacity of 4.18 J 8C21 g21, and assuming no heat loss to the calorimeter, calculate the enthalpy of solution (DHsoln) for the dissolution of NH4NO3 in units of kJ/mol.
b. If the enthalpy of hydration for NH4NO3 is 2630. kJ/mol, calculate the lattice energy of NH4NO3.
Answer:
Explanation:
mass of the solution m = 1.6 + 75 = 76.6 g
fall in temperature = 25 - 23.34 = 1.66°C
heat absorbed = mass x specific heat x fall in temperature
= 76.6 x 1.66 x 4.18
= 531.5 J .
= .5315 kJ .
mol weight of ammonium nitrate = 80 g
heat absorbed by 1.6 g = .5315 kJ
heat absorbed by 80 g or one mole = 26.575 kJ
enthalpy change ΔH = +26.575 kJ
b )
enthalpy of hydration = 2630 kJ / mol
lattice energy = enthalpy of hydration + enthalpy change
= 2630 + 26.575
= 2656.575 kJ .
1) If a bottle of olive oil contains 1.3 kg of olive oil, what is the volume, in milliliters, of the olive oil? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. 2) A cannon ball made of iron has a volume of 116 cm^3. What is the mass, in kilograms, of the cannon ball? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. 3) A balloon filled with helium has a volume of 6.1 L. What is the mass, in grams, of helium in the balloon? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Answer:
1) 1.4 × 10³ mL
2) 0.913 kg
3) 1.1 g
Explanation:
1)
Step 1: Calculate the volume of 1.3 kg of olive oil
The density of olive oil is 0.917 kg/L.
1.3 kg × (1 L/0.917 kg) = 1.4 L
Step 2: Convert the volume to mL
We will use the relationship 1 L = 10³ mL.
1.4 L × (10³ mL/1 L) = 1.4 × 10³ mL
2)
Step 1: Calculate the mass of the cannon ball
The density of iron is 7.87 g/cm³.
116 cm³ × 7.87 g/cm³ = 913 g
Step 2: Convert the mass to kg
We will use the relationship 1 kg = 10³ g.
913 g × (1 kg / 10³ g) = 0.913 kg
3)
Step 1: Calculate the mass of the helium in the balloon
The density of balloon is 0.18 g/L.
6.1 L × 0.18 g/L = 1.1 g
In acid solution, water can add to the double bond of 2‑butenedioic acid to form 2‑hydroxysuccinic acid.
HOOCCH=CHCOOH+H2O <== H2SO4 ==> HOOCCH2CH(OH)COOH
This reaction is also an important reaction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in cells, wherein the reaction occurs in neutral solution, so the acid groups are both ionized to the carboxylate form. The reaction is catalyzed by the stereospecific enzyme fumarase that utilizes only the trans form of 2‑butenedioate ion, also known as fumarate, and produces only the (S)‑2‑hydroxysuccinate enantiomer,also known as (s)-malate). Draw the correct stereochemical structures of these two compounds of the fumarase-catalyzed reaction.
fumarate (s)-malate
(trans-2-butenedioate) ((s)-2-hydroxysuccinate)
Fumarase
+ H2O <===========>
Answer:
Explanation:
The stereochemical structures of the two compounds of the fumarase-catalyzed reaction are in the attachment below. The reaction been referred to is illustrated in the equation below
HOOCCH=CHCOOH + H₂O ==> HOOCCH₂CH(OH)COOH
The compounds attached are trans-2-butenedioate (which is one of the reactants) and (s)-2-hydroxysuccinate (which is the product formed)
Note that stereoisomers are isomers that differ in spatial orientation, thus there are other isomers that could contain the same atoms and have slightly but different spatial orientation such as cis-2-butenedioate and (r)-2-hydroxysuccinate
Of the following, which is NOT a component of the circulatory system?
A. Heart
B. Veins
ws
C. Arteries
D. Brain
Answer:
D. Brain
~PumpkinSpice1
During bromination using NBS, the addition product is not observed because the rate of addition is _______than the rate of the chain propagation steps.
Answer:
slower
Explanation:
NBS is used in place of Br2 during bromination because the use of Br2 tends to result in the formation of a large concentration of the addition product. This is because, the Br2 interacts with the double bond to yield only the dibromide (addition product).
The usefulness of NBS lies in the fact that it provides a lower concentration of Br2, and such that the rate addition is slower than the chain propagation steps. Only the monobromination product is observed
The low concentration of Br2 allows the free-radical reaction to out-compete the alkene addition reaction.
When 4.58 g of a nonelectrolyte solute is dissolved in water to make 725 mL of solution at 25 °C, the solution exerts an osmotic pressure of 875 torr.
Required:
a. What is the molar concentration of the solution?
b. How many moles of solute are in the solution?
c. What is the molar mass of the solute?
Answer:
a. 0.047 M
b. 0.6778 moles
c. 6.76 g/mol
Explanation:
The formula for osmotic pressure is:
π = i*M*R*TWhere:
i is the van't Hoff's factor (in this case is 1, because it is a non electrolyte solute)M is the molar concentrationR is the ideal gas constantT is the temperature in Kelvina.) So we solve for M:
875 torr ⇒ 785/760 = 1.15 atm25 °C ⇒ 25+273.16 = 298.16 K1.15 atm = 1 * M * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 298.16 KM = 0.047 Mb.) We calculate the moles of solute, using the volume and molar concentration:
725 mL / 1000 = 0.725 L0.047 M * 0.725 L = 0.6778 molesc.) We calculate the molar mass, using the mass and the number of moles:
4.58 g / 0.6778 moles = 6.76 g/molA. The molar concentration of the solution is 0.047 M
B. The mole of the solute in the solution is 0.034 mole
C. The molar mass of the solute is 134.7 g/mol
A. Determination of the molar concentration of the solution.
Osmotic pressure (π) = 875 torr = 875 / 760 = 1.15 atm
Temperature (T) = 25 °C = 25 + 273 = 298 K
Van't Hoff's factor (i) = 1 (non-electrolyte)
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Molarity (M) =?π = iMRT
1.15 = 1 × M × 0.0821 × 298
1.15 = M × 24.4658
Divide both side by 24.4658
M = 1.15 / 24.4658
M = 0.047 MB. Determination of the mole of the solute.
Molarity = 0.047 M
Volume = 725 mL = 725 / 1000 = 0.725 L
Mole of solute =?Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of solute = 0.047 × 0.725
Mole of solute = 0.034 moleC. Determination of the molar mass of the solute
Mole of solute = 0.034 mole
Mass of solute = 4.58 g
Molar mass of solute =?Molar mass = mass / mole
Molar mass of solute = 4.58 / 0.034
Molar mass of solute = 134.7 g/molLearn more on Osmotic pressure: https://brainly.com/question/5925156
how does mass and volume affect sinking and floating? Please don't plagiarize....
Answer:
If an object has a higher density than the fluid it is in (fluid can mean liquid or gas), it will sink. If it has a lower density, it will float. Density is determined by an object's mass and volume. If two objects take up the same volume, but have one has more mass, then it also has a higher density.
Explanation:
How is thermal energy transferred during conduction? Check all that apply.
Thermal energy is transferred hetween particles that are not touching each other.
Thermal energy is transferred between particles that are in direct contact with each other.
Thermal energy is transferred between objects of different temperatures.
Thermal energy is transferred between objects of the same temperature.
Thermal energy is transferred from slow-moving particles to fast-moving particles.
Thermal energy is transferred from fast-moving particles to slow-moving particles.
Answer:energy
Explanation:needed points sorry
3 Which of the following best represents potential energy? *
A Air leaking rapidly from a car tire.
B A marble sitting at the top of a ramp.
C Heat radiating from a large forest fire.
D Water flowing through a rubber hose.
Answer:
Its B
Explanation: