Nicotine can be made when the following ammonium salt is treated with Na2CO3. Draw a stepwise mechanism for this reaction. N N N nicotine CH3 NH2CH3 Na2CO3 NaHCO3 NaBr

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

The mechanism showing the process of the reaction is as follows:

From the given information, the starting compound includes a bromine atom & a  protonated primary amine group. At the initial stage, dissociation of sodium carbonate occurs to form carbonate ions. This is followed by the attraction of a proton by the carbonate ion from the protonated amine group.

After that, there is a nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom at the nitrogen site by a bromine atom which results in the formation of a cyclic product. Finally, deprotonation of the nitrogen atom occurs to form Nicotine.

Nicotine Can Be Made When The Following Ammonium Salt Is Treated With Na2CO3. Draw A Stepwise Mechanism

Related Questions

What is the mass of Silver in 3.45g AgS?

Answers

Answer:

Mass = 2.59 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of AgS = 3.45 g

Mass of silver = ?

Solution:

Number of moles of AgS:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 3.45 g/ 139.93 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.024 mol

1 mole of AgS  contain 1 mole of Ag.

0.024 mol contain 0.024 mol of Ag.

Mass of silver:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.024 mol × 107.86 g/mol

Mass = 2.59 g

Please Hurry

How is thermal energy transferred during conduction? Check all that apply.

Thermal energy is transferred between particles that are not touching each other.

Thermal energy is transferred between particles that are in direct contact with each other.
Thermal energy is transferred between objects of different temperatures.

Thermal energy is transferred between objects of the same temperature. Thermal

energy is transferred from slow-moving particles to fast-moving particles. Thermal

energy is transferred from fast-moving particles to slow-moving particles.

Answers

Answer:

B,C,F

Explanation:

Answer:

b c f

Explanation:

What happens when the sunspots rotate?

Answers

Answer:

Over time, the Sun's differential rotation rates cause its magnetic field to become twisted and tangled. The "tangles" in the magnetic field lines can produce very, very strong localized magnetic fields. Places where "ropes" of bundled field lines "break" the surface of the Sun are active regions where sunspots form.

What is the overall voltage for the nonspontaneous redox reaction involving
Mg and Cu and their ions?
A. 0.34 + (-2.37)
B. -2.37 - 0.34
C. 2.37 - 0.34
D. 0.34 +2.37
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer: B -2.37 -0.34

Explanation: A P E X

The redox reaction consists of the reduction and the oxidation halves and involves the transfer of electrons. The overall voltage for the Mg and Cu is 0.34 - (-2.37). Thus, option C is correct.

What is a nonspontaneous redox reaction?

A nonspontaneous redox reaction is the loss and gain of the electrons when an external source of voltage is applied to initiate the electrochemical reaction.

The overall voltage of the redox reaction can be given by the oxidation and the reduction of half of the cell as,

Oxidation half: Mg(s) → Mg₂⁺ + 2e⁻  E° = -2.37 v

Reduction half: Cu₂⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)  E° = + 0.34 v

The overall voltage of the cell (E° cell) is calculated as,

E° cell = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)

= +0.34 - (-2.37)

= 2.71 v

Therefore, option C. 0.34 - (-2.37) is the overall voltage for the nonspontaneous redox reaction.

Learn more about redox reaction here:

https://brainly.com/question/14217644

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, What is the overall voltage for a redox reaction with the half-reactions Mg(s) → Mg₂⁺ + 2e⁻ and Cu₂⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)?

A. -2.37 - 0.34

B. 0.34 - 2.37

C. 0.34 - (-2.37)

D. 2.37 - 0.34

please explain the flow of energy through a food web, and please explain the flow of matter through a food web

Answers

Answer: ENERGY: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another; the levels in the food chain are producers, primary consumers, higher-level consumers, and finally decomposers. These levels are used to describe ecosystem structure and dynamics.

MATTER: When one organism eats another, the matter, or carbon, nitrogen, and other essential elements, are transferred from one to the other. These elements move from the producers, to the consumers, and eventually to the decomposers, cycling the matter through the ecosystem.

Explanation: look up

Do you think more chemical reactions that occur in the human body are endothermic or exothermic? Justify your answer.

Answers

Answer:

Exothermic

Explanation:

We as humans do not absorb heat. A good way to think about it is that when we workout we use energy from our body which causes our body temperature to rise. The energy used from food maintains our blood, respiration, and other systems in optimal condition. This requires energy from our body which ends up leaving the body as heat.

Chemistry
Definition in your own words
Will check if you got it from online.


Word: Phase change

Answers

A phase change is when the molecules heat up and move faster. The process of heating up molecules will turn a solid into a liquid and then into a gas as the molecules start to move faster and start to have more space between them.

Emily learns that ancient astronomers, such as Ptolemy, created a model of the solar system based only on what they could see with their eyes. Describe Ptolemy's model of the solar system and how he came to his conclusions. Then describe Galileo's model of the solar system. Explain how Galileo proved that his model was correct and that Ptolemy’s was not correct.

Answers

Explanation:

Galileo found Venus went through the entire phase cycle, proving that she revolved completely around the Sun, as predicted by Copernicus in his heliocentric model. ... The phases of Venus could not be explained by Ptolemy's Geocentric Model. Galileo knew that the Roman Catholic Church was incorrect.

true or false
1. resistance provides friction to electron movement
2.high resistance will speed up electron movement
3.a circuit is an open path for electrons to move through
4. in a circuit, electrons move from the low voltage area to the higher
5. in a circuit, the light bulb is called the load

Answers

Answer:1

Explanation: friction is showing us how in the past

Sodium chloride can be produced by the reaction of sodium metal with chlorine gas. Which is the limiting reactant if 6.70 moles of Na reacts with 3.20 moles of chlorine gas

Answers

Answer:

Chlorine gas.

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, the undergoing chemical reaction is:

[tex]2Na+Cl_2\rightarrow 2NaCl[/tex]

Thus, given the moles of reacting both sodium and chlorine, we compute the moles of sodium chloride yielded by each reactant by considering the 2:2 and 1:2 mole ratios:

[tex]n_{NaCl}^{by\ Na}=6.70molNa*\frac{2molNaCl}{2molNa}=6.70molNaCl \\\\n_{NaCl}^{by\ Cl_2}=3.20molCl_2*\frac{2molNaCl}{1molCl_2}=6.40molNaCl[/tex]

Thus, since chlorine yields less moles of sodium chloride, we infer it is the limiting reactant.

Best regards!

Which of the following is the number of hydrogen atoms in a mole of hydrogen gas
at STP?
a) 224
b) 6,02 x 1023
c) 1,20 x 1024
d) 2.016
e) 1.008

Answers

I think B but not sure

Write net ionic equations for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, with hydrobromic acid, HBr, undergo a neutralization reaction that produces salt and water.

Answers

Answer:

OH⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq) ⇒ H₂O(l)

Explanation:

Let's consider the molecular equation that occurs when aqueous solutions of lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid undergo a neutralization reaction.

LiOH(aq) + HBr(aq) ⇒ LiBr(aq) + H₂O(l)

The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and the molecular species.

Li⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq) ⇒ Li⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)

The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the molecular species.

OH⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq) ⇒ H₂O(l)

1. How does the tendency of metal atoms to
lose valence electrons explain the periodic trends
of properties found in representative metal
elements

Answers

Explanation:

The tendency of metals to lose electrons is a measure of their electropositivity or metallicity.

Electropositivity is a measure of the tendency of atoms of an element to lose electrons. It is closely related to ionization energy and electronegativity of an element.

The lower the ionization energy of an element, the more electropositive or metallic an element is. Across a period, from left to right, electropositivity or metallicity decreases and from top to down a group, it increases. Metals are found on the left of the periodic table.

Is my answer correct

Answers

Answer:

You're answer is correct. The third answer is correct.

Explanation:

Producers have the most energy, since they gain energy directly from the sun. Their energy is then passed up this upside down pyramid, which the energy is decreased by about 10% each time.

#teamtrees #WAP (Water And Plant)

The value of Henry's law constant for oxygen in water at 242C is 1.66 x 1 ox M/torr. b. c. Calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at 25aC when the total external pressure is I atm and the mole fraction of oxygen in the air IS 020. Calculate the solubility at the same temperature with the same atmospheric composition but at an increased pressure of 2 atn. What would happen to the solubility of the oxygen gas if the temperature was increased?

Answers

25ca an the oxygen gas is 2 atom ur mum

At what temperature does ice start to melt

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The answer is 32°F or 0° Celsius.

Hope it helped you.

PLEASE HELP ILL GIVE U BRAINLIEST
What's something you learned about the periodic table

Answers

Answer:

The periodic table of elements puts all the known elements into groups with similar properties. This makes it an important tool for chemists, nanotechnologists, and other scientists. If you get to understand the periodic table and learn to use it, you'll be able to predict how chemicals will behave.

Answer:

Okayy

Explanation:

The periodic table arranges the chemical elements

All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods

It have many properties. Each column is called a group.

ALSO Metals are placed on the left-hand side of the periodic table , and non-metals on the right.

Metalloids can also be called semimetals. On the periodic table, the elements colored yellow, which generally border the stair-step line, are considered to be metalloids.

PLEASE HELP IM TIMED create an analogy for the motion of atoms in solids,
liquids, and gases, so she compared them to marbles
in a tray
A solid is like the tray being shaken and the manies
moving around it, and a liquid is like the tray being
shaken slowly and all the marbles moving in their
positions
A solid is like the tray being shaken slowly and all
the marbles moving in their positions, a liquidi is like
the tray being shaken and the marbles moving
around it, and a gas is like the tray being shaken
hard and the marbles moving vigorously around it.
A gas is like the tray being shaken slowly and all the
marbles moving in their positions, and a solid is like
the tray being shaken hard and the marbles moving
vigorously around it
Aliquid is like the tray being shaken hard and the
marbles moving vigorously around it and a gas is
like the tray being shaken slowly and all the marbles
moving in their positions.
Markthisandretum
Save and Exit

Answers

Its the second option because solids atoms move slowly and in liquid fast and in gas they ar faster

What kind of reaction is potassium+ nitrogen

Answers

Answer:

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre in the UK). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter.

Explanation:

Potassium nitrite (distinct from potassium nitrate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula KNO2. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrite ions NO2−, which forms a white or slightly yellow, hygroscopic crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

How many moles are in 99.5 grams of titanium? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. Be sure to include units.

Answers

Answer:

1000

Explanation:

99.5/ 47.87= 2.078≈2.1 mole

What is the mass of 5.2 x 10^21 atoms of Vanadium?

Answers

Answer:

Mass = 0.44 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of vanadium =  ?

Number of atoms of vanadium = 5.2 × 10²¹ atoms

Solution:

It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.

The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.

1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms

5.2 × 10²¹ atoms ×  1mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms

0.86× 10⁻²  mol

0.0086 mol

Mass of vanadium:

Mass =  number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.0086 mol × 50.9 g/mol

Mass = 0.44 g

Rhenium has two naturally occurring isotopes, Re-185 and Re-187. The relative atomic mass of rhenium is 186.2. What are the natural abundances of these isotopes

Answers

Answer:

The natural abundance of Re-185 is 40% and of Re-187 is 60%

Explanation:

Relative atomic mass is defined as the sum of the mass of each isotope times its relative abundances.

Is Rhenium has only 2 isotopes and the abundances are X and Y we can write:

X + Y = 1 (1)

And:

185X + 187Y = 186.2 (2)

Where X is abundance of Re-185 and Y abundance of Re-187

Replacing (1) in (2):

185X + 187(1-X) = 186.2

185X + 187-187X = 186.2

-2X = -0.8

X = 0.4 = 40%

And Y = 100% - 40% = 60%

The natural abundance of Re-185 is 40% and of Re-187 is 60%

A shoe was thrown across the room and it hit a desk directly across, the shoe flew 5m within 6 seconds, what is my velocity?​

Answers

Answer:

[tex]velocity = \frac{displacement}{time} \\ = \frac{5}{6} \\ velocity = \frac{5}{6} m {s}^{ - 1} [/tex]

What happens to the energy released by an exothermic reactions

Answers

In an exothermic reaction, the products are at a lower energy than the reactants. The difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products is called the enthalpy change (∆H) of the reaction. For an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change is always negative.

Answer:

In an exothermic reaction, the products are at a lower energy than the reactants. The difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products is called the enthalpy change (∆H) of the reaction. For an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change is always negative.

Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can participate in a _______. A macroscopic sample of an element contains an incredibly large number of atoms, all of which have identical _______. Atoms of one element differ in properties from atoms of all other elements. A compound consists of atoms of two or more elements combined in a _______. Atoms are neither _______ during a chemical change; they're instead rearranged to yield substances that are different from those present before the change.

Answers

Answer: 1) chemical change 2) chemical properties 3) ratio? 4) created nor destroyed

Explanation: 1) Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can participate in a chemical change. 2) A macroscopic sample of an element contains an incredibly large number of atoms, all of which have identical chemical properties. 3) A compound consists of atoms of two or more elements combined in a small, whole-number ratio. In a given compound, the numbers of atoms of each of its elements are always present in the same ratio. 4) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged to yield substances that are different from those present before the change

sodium combines with water to produce a sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. which word equation respresents this violent reaction?

Answers

Answer:

Na(s) + H₂O (l) → NaOH(aq) + H₂(g).

Explanation:

answer is this thank you I hope it helps you pls like

White vinegar is a 5.0% by mass solution of acetic acid in water. If the density of white

vinegar is 1.007 g/cm3

, what is the pH?​

Answers

The pH = 2.41

Further explanation

Given

5.0% by mass solution of acetic acid

the density of white  vinegar is 1.007 g/cm3

Required

pH

Solution

Molarity of solution :

[tex]\tt M=\dfrac{\%mass\times \rho\times 10}{MW~acetic~acid}\\\\M=\dfrac{5\times 1.007\times 10}{60}\\\\M=0.839[/tex]

Ka for acetic acid = 1.8 x 10⁻⁵

[H⁺] for weak acid :

[tex]\tt [H^+]=\sqrt{Ka.M}[/tex]

Input the value :

[tex]\tt [H^+]=\sqrt{1.8\times 10^{-5}\times 0.839}\\\\(H^+]=0.00388=3.88\times 10^{-3}\\\\pH=3-log~3.88=2.41[/tex]

White vinegar is a 5.0% by mass solution of acetic acid in water and if the density of white vinegar is 1.007 g/cm³ then the pH of solution is 4.8.

How we calculate pH?

pH of any solution will be calculated as:

pH = - log[H⁺], where

[H⁺] = concentration of H⁺ ions

In this question we will calculate the concentration of H⁺ ions as:

[H⁺] = √Ka.M, where

Ka = acid dissociation constant for acetic acid = 1.8 x 10⁻⁵ (known)

M is molarity and this can be calculated as:

M = (% mass × density × 10) / Molar mass of acid

Given that,

% mass = 5.0% by mass solution of acetic acid

density = 1.007 g/cm³

Molar mass of acetic acid = 60

Now putting all these values on the above equation, we get

M = (5 × 1.007 × 10) / 60 = 0.839

Now, we calculate the concentration of H⁺ ions by putting values on that equation as:

[H⁺] = √(1.8 x 10⁻⁵)(0.839)

[H⁺] = 1.5 x 10⁻⁵

So, pH of the solution will be calculated as:

pH = -log(1.5 x 10⁻⁵)

pH = -(-4.8)

pH = 4.8

Hence, pH is 4.8.

To know more about pH, visit the below link:

https://brainly.com/question/10313314

If 200,4 g of water is mixed with 101.42 g of salt, the mass of the final solution
would be reported as
A) 302 8.
B) 3008
C) 301.8 8.
D) 301.828

Answers

Answer:

C) 301.8

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since the solution is composed by water and salt, the total resulting mass comes up from adding the mixed mass of each one:

[tex]m_{sol}=m_{w}+m_{salt}[/tex]

Thus, we plug in to obtain:

[tex]m_{sol}=200.4g+101.42g\\\\m_{sol}=301.8g[/tex]

Therefore, the answer should be C) 301.8 as it has four significant figures.

Best regards!

How is reproduction and life are connected?

Answers

Answer:

reproduction and life are connected because when you reproduce you are creating life.

Reproduction is basically how life is created. A male and female reproduce, and they create a new life.

The ratio molecular mass of gas A and B is 1.25 calculate the ratio of rate of diffusion of the gases​

Answers

Answer:

i will tell your teacher that u uding online cheats to answer yout homeworks hhaahaha

Explanation:

good luck brooo hahahha

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