How can you distinguish between crystalline allotropic modifications of Sulphur from those of amorphous allotrops?
The crystalline allotropes of sulfur are very strong and have a high melting and boiling point while the amorphous allotropes of sulfur are brittle and breaks easily.
What is a crystalline substance?A crystalline substance is one that has a definite arrangement of the atoms in the substance. An amorphous substance lacks this definite arrangement. We can see this arrangement when we conduct an X-ray crystallography of the sulfur.
Also, the crystalline allotropes of sulfur are very strong and have a high melting and boiling point while the amorphous allotropes of sulfur are brittle and breaks easily.
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1. Most of the chemicals included in your kit can be discarded down a drain with copious amounts of water. Describe a situation in which you would need to neutralize a chemical before discarding down a drain.
Answer:
A strong acid or a strong base should be neutralized before pouring down a drain.
Explanation:
Always make sure to add acid to water (not vice-versa) to avoid a nasty exothermic reaction :)
Please please help me it’s due
Your friend has to plan an experiment for a science fair. He asks for your help. His topic is “The Strongest Cloth for Backpacks.” You test the wear of different types of cloth.
Define the independent variable, dependent variable, and control group.
Dependent variable - backpack produced
Independent variable - types of cloth
Control group - backpack without cloth.
What is an experiment?In an experiment, you have the dependent and the independent variable. The independent variable is the variable that we have to change in the experiment. The independent variable is the variable that changes as we change the values in of the independent variable.
Now, we can see that the experiment is about testing which type of cloth is best for backpacks. The independent variable in this case has to be the types of cloth while the dependent variable is the backpack produced. The control group is the backpack without cloth.
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ch4 2o2 → co2 2h2o 4 moles of methane (ch4) are combined with 5 moles of oxygen (o2). how much carbon dioxide (co2) will form? group of answer choices
Only 2.5 moles of CO2 can be produced since oxygen is the limiting reaction.
Steps4molCH4 x (1molCO2/1molCH4) =4 mol CO2
5 mol O2 x (1molCO2/2molO2) =2.5 molCO2
Only 2.5 moles of CO2 can be produced since oxygen is the limiting reaction.
Why is carbon dioxide important? What is it?One carbon atom and two oxygen atoms make up the molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2). An essential greenhouse gas that aids in keeping heat in our atmosphere is carbon dioxide. Our earth would be uninhabitable cold without it.What is carbon dioxide used for?
Co2 is used as a refrigerant, in extinguishers, to blow coal, foam rubber and plastics, inflate life rafts and life jackets, blast coal, promote plant growth in greenhouses, immobilise animals before slaughter, and in carbonated drinks.
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What is the best way to show the lead levels in six contaminated water wells?
a line graph
a bar graph
a data table
a circle graph
According to the research, the correct option is a bar graph. It is the best way to show the lead levels in six contaminated water wells.
What is a bar graph?It is a graph that is used to show the changes that the data have undergone by graphing the data in bars, representing the frequencies by means of columns (or bars), through their height in a Cartesian plane.
It is a way of summarizing a set of data by categories, allowing different values to be compared using bars of different sizes.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is a bar graph. It is the best way to show the lead levels in six contaminated water wells.
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HELP I NEED THIS NOW! What is the consequence of carbon's unique bonding ability?
It can only bond with a select few elements.
It is very rarely found in molecules.
Only one carbon atom can be present in a molecule at a time.
It forms the basic building blocks of organic molecules.
For one thing, carbon atoms are remarkable in the chemical world because they can combine to form extraordinarily long, strong chains with branches or rings of varying widths. The correct option is D.
The most distinctive feature of a carbon atom is its ability to self-combinate or catenate. This characteristic is very important since it produces a lot of organic or carbon-based chemicals. Numerous atoms can be joined to the lengthy carbon chain in various ways to create a vast array of carbon compounds.
Since carbon possesses four valence electrons, it can make four covalent bonds to reach its full outer energy level. It creates molecules known as hydrocarbons when it solely forms bonds with hydrogen.
Thus the correct option is D.
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what value would you put the NUMERATOR of this calibration? please help t
The value that would be put in the numerator of this calibration would be 10° C .
The process of calibrating an instrument involves setting it up such that it can produce results for samples that are within a reasonable range. A key component of instrumentation design is eliminating or reducing conditions that lead to faulty measurements.
In order to ascertain the mistake or confirm the precision of the unknown value of the DUT, a calibration is normally carried out. As a simple illustration, you may calibrate a DUT thermometer by measuring its temperature in water at its known boiling point (212 degrees Fahrenheit) in order to determine the thermometer's inaccuracy.
To obtain accurate readings, a thermometer must be calibrated because its precision is susceptible to deterioration over time. Thermometers can change over time for a variety of reasons.
Hence, The value that would be put in the numerator would be 10° C because difference between two marked values or space between two marked value is 10.
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Difference between Macro and micro soil organisms
The difference between Macro and Micro soil organisms is that macro soil organisms can be seen through the eyes but micro soil organisms cannot be seen through the eye, they can be seen under the microscope. Micro organisms are called soil / micro flora while macro organisms are called soil / macro fauna.
Soil organism are divided into two groups, Micro soil organism and macro soil organisms. The micro soil organisms include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, while macro soil organism include nematods, arthropods, mollusks, etc. Although both are responsible in increasing soil activities, but micro organisms contributes around 60-80% of total biological activity.Microorganisms have many roles such as breakdown of organic matter, recycle nutrients, nitrogen fixing, promoting growth, creating humus, etc.Macro organisms have different roles such as maintaining balances of micro flora in soil, consuming plant residues, etc.To learn about macro and micro,
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A scientist monitors the reaction between two gases in a closed container. What would happen to the rate of the reaction if the scientist increases the temperature in the container?
The rate would increase because higher temperature would increase the number of collisions.
The rate would decrease because the particles are unable to achieve the correct orientation.
The rate would decrease because the space available for the reactions would decrease.
The rate would increase because the average speed of the reactant particles would decrease.
A scientist monitors the reaction between two gases in a closed container and the rate would increase if the scientist increases the temperature in the container because higher temperature would increase the number of collisions .
So , first option is correct one .
In the closed vessel the pressure is constant . So, we already know that temperature affects a reaction's rate . The rate of a reaction increases with temperature . For instance, the time needed to melt a metal will be substantially longer at a lower temperature than it will be once the temperature is increase .
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Convert a volume of 2650 cm³ to cubic meters.
Answer:
0.00265m³
Explanation:
from cm³ to m³, divide by 1000000.
2650/1000000
=0.00265m³
True or False: The periodic table has changed very little since it was originally developed by Mendeleev and Meyer.
The periodic table has changed very little since it was originally developed by Mendeleev and Meyer is referred to as a false statement.
What is a Periodic table?
This is defined as the arrangement of elements based on their atomic number in a tabular form. It consists of 18 vertical columns which re referred to as groups and seven horizontal rows called period.
Henry Moseley in 1913 organized Mendeleev's periodic table based on physical properties.This took into consideration their atomic number rather than atomic mass and other missing elements.
This is the periodic table which is used currently and therefore hasn't changed much which is why false was chosen.
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PLEASE HELP 10 POINTS
Which of the following is a
reasonable ground-state electron configuration?
1s21p5
1s22s22p8
1s22s22d4
1s22s22p6
The reasonable ground - state electron configuration is 1s² 2s²2p⁶
1) Electron configuration is defined as the arrangement of electron in the atomic orbtials.
2)The ground state electron configuration is lowest energy level and have most stable arrangement.
3) An excited state configuration is a higher energy level.
4) According to Aufbau principle ., electrons will occupy the orbitals of lower energies first then occupying higher energy orbitals.
5) Energy of orbitals is calculated by the sum of principle quantum number and azimuthal quantum numbers.
6) The rule of electron filling in the orbital is from lower energy level to higher energy level.
7) According to this rule electrons are filled in the order of 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s ........and so on.
8) According to pauli principle , maximum two electrons, having opposite spin can fit in orbital.
9) According to Hund's rule , orbital in given sub-shell is singly occupied by electrons before filling second electron in an orbital.
10) The ground state configuration is the arrangement of electron around the nucleus of an atom with lower energy levels.
Hence,The reasonable ground-state electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
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A 150. 0 ml sample of an aqueous solution at 25°c contains 15. 2 mg of an unknown nonelectrolyte compound. If the solution has an osmotic pressure of 8. 44 torr, what is the molar mass of the unknown compound?.
Answer:
3.141592653589793238
Explanation:
3.141592653589793238
The molar mass of the unknown compound in the aqueous solution was 223.2 g/mol.
What is osmotic pressure?Osmotic pressure can be described as the minimum pressure requires to be applied to a solution to stop the flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. The measurement of the tendency of a solution to take in a pure solvent by osmosis is osmotic pressure.
To determine the molar mass of a compound from the given weight, the concentration of the compound needs to be determined.
π = i ×MRT
8.44 = 1×M× 62.36 ×298
M = 4.54 × 10⁻⁴ M
Given the mass of the unknown compound = 15.2 mg = 0.0152 g
The volume of the compound = 150 ml =0.150 L
From the molarity of the compound, we can determine the molar mass as:
Molarity = mass/(Molar mass × Volume)
Molar mass = mass/(Molarity × Volume)
Molar mass = 0.0152/ (4.54 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.150)
Molar mass = 223.2 g/mol
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(a.) a 0.7549g sample of the compound burns in o2(g) to produce 1.9061g of co2(g) and 0.3370g of h2o(g).
The individual mass of C, H and O in given sample are 0.5196 g, 0.0374 g and 0.1979 g respectively.
Moles of CO2 formed can be calculated as
= Mass of CO2 / Molar mass of CO2
= 1.9061 / 44 = 0.0433 moles
Calculation of no. of moles of carbonNow, moles of C which is present in one mole of CO2 = 1 mole
Moles of C in 0.0433 moles of CO2 = 0.0433 moles
As we know that, molar mass of C = 12 g / mol
Mass of C in 0.7549 g of given sample can be calculated as
= 0.0433 × 12 =0.5196 g
Mass of H2O formed = 0.3370 g
Similarly, Molar Mass of H2O = 18 g / mol
Moles of H2O = 0.3370 / 18 = 0.0187 moles
Moles of H present in 1 mole of H2O = 2 moles
Moles of H present in 0.0187 mole of H2O = 2 × 0.0187 = 0.0374 moles
Molar mass of H = 1 g / mol
Mass of H contained in 0.7549 g of sample = 1 × 0.0374= 0.0374 g
Mass of O in 0.7549 g sample can be calculated as
= 0.7549 – [(Mass of C ) + (Mass of H) ]
= 0.7549 – [ (0.5196) + (0.0374) ]
= 0.1979 g
Thus, we calculated that the individual mass of C, H and O in given sample are 0.5196 g, 0.0374 g and 0.1979 g respectively.
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DISCLAIMER: THE above question is incomplete. Complete question is given below:
A 0.7549g sample of the compound burns in o2(g) to produce 1.9061g of co2(g) and 0.3370g of h2o(g). Calculate the individual mass of C, H and O in the given sample.
Write the value represented by 4.5x10-6 g
0.0000045 g
450,000 g
4,500,000 g
0.00000045 g
the value represented by 4.5x10-6 g is 0.0000045 g it is a representation in standard notation
To express enormous figures which are in standard notation like 1,300,000 or exceedingly minuscule quantities like 0.0000000000045, scientists use scientific notation. Scientific notation, also referred to as exponential form, is one of the earliest mathematical techniques. It is well regarded by practitioners. People use scientific notation to handle situations where numbers are too large or too small to be calculated easily. Scientists, engineers, and mathematicians all use this technique. where as standard notation is way writing numbers in normal decimal form. The scientific method id most convenient denoting numbers as the numbers will be either too big or too small.
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5.the acyl group is a protecting group for amines which can be deprotected by treatment with sodium hydroxide. please write mechanisms for both the protection and deprotection steps
Protecting Groups for Amines:
Amine protecting groups are essential for the synthesis of peptides.Carbamates are useful protecting groups for amines. They can be installed and removed under relatively mild conditions.One of the most common carbonate protecting groups is the t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting group. It can be removed with strong acid (trifluoro acetic acid) or heat.The carboxybenzyl (CBz) group has a benzyl group and can be removed using catalytic hydrogenation (Pd-C, H₂)The fluorenyl methoxy (FMoc) group can be removed with an amine base (e.g. R₂NH)If multiple protecting groups are present on the same molecule, it's useful to choose them such that they can each be removed under different sets of conditions (e.g. acidic, basic, hydrogenation).Learn more about Protecting Groups for Amines are:
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85% of Greenland is covered in ice with an average thickness of 1500 meters. Estimate how much ice (in kg) there is in Greenland if the island is approximately 840000 square miles. For this problem, assume the density of ice is exactly 0.917 g/mL, and that one mile is exactly 1.60 kilometers.
1375.5 kg ice (in kg) there is in Greenland if the island
Given data is 85% of Greenland is covered in ice thickness = 1500 meters 840000 square miles, density = 0.917 g/mL, one mile = 1.60 kilometers.
Here 1.60 kilometers = 0.6177 square miles we have to find ice (in kg) = ?
Here density is given and thickness also given means volume so we have to find mass in kg = ?
Density = mass/volume
0.917 g/mL = mass/ 1500
Mass = 0.917 g/mL× 1500
Mass = 1375.5 kg of ice there is in Greenland if the island
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An adult patient who weighs 135 pounds is given 10.0 mL of a different liquid medicine. The label states that each
teaspoon of the medicine mixture contains 75 mg of active ingredient. What dose, in mg/kg, has bee
administered to this patient? Information with the medicine indicates that 3.3 mg/kg is the maximum
recommended dose. Has this patient received an overdose?
The patient has not received an overdose because only 150 mg of the drug was given instead of 202.488mg which is the maximum recommended dose.
Calculation of drug dosageThe weight of the patient= 135lb
The weight of patient in Kg is calculated as follows,
1 kg = 2.2lb
Xkg = 135Ib
Xkg= 135/2.2
Xkg = 61.36kg
The maximum recommended dose for the drug = 3.3mg/kg
That is, if 3.3 mg = 1 kg
Xmg = 61.36kg
Xmg = 61.36 × 3.3 = 202.488mg
The number of teaspoon administered = 2 = 10ml each containing 75mg of the drug.
The patient received 75 mg ×2 = 150mg of drug.
Therefore, the patient has not received an overdose because only 150 mg of the drug was given instead of 202.488mg which is the maximum recommended dose.
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lewis dot structure
The Lewis dot structure are given as: dot represents total no. of valence electron around an atomic symbol.
Calcium Calcium ion
Ca : Ca[tex]^{2+}[/tex]
Sodium Sodium ion
Na · Na[tex]^{+}[/tex]
Aluminium Aluminium ion
·Al : Al[tex]^{3+}[/tex]
Barium Barium ion
Ba : Ba[tex]^{+}[/tex]
Magnesium Magnesium ion
Mg : Mg[tex]^{2+}[/tex]
Cesium cesium ion
Cs · Cs[tex]^{+}[/tex]
Lithium Lithium ion
Li · Li[tex]^{+}[/tex]
Thus, In Lewis dot structure , one dot for every valence electron with element's symbol.it describe the bonding atoms, no, of bonds in molecules and the lone pairs left in bonding. A single dot represents one electron.Lewis symbols shows no. of valence electron of a specific elements.
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3 waves are shown with a line through their center. The bottom of the first wave is labeled C. A bracket labeled D connects the bottom of the second and third waves. A line from the center to the top of the first wave is labeled A. The line leading to the top is labeled B.
Label the parts of this wave.
A:
B:
C:
D
A – This is the crest, the higher point of the wave
B – This is the amplitude of the wave. It is the point of maximum displacement
C – This is the trough of the wave
D – This is the wavelength of the wave.
What is a wave?A wave is a disturbance, along a medium that transfers energy. We know that a wave is a progressive wave if it moves from one point to another. There are several ways by which we could classify waves.
Waves could be classified as mechanical waves or as electromagnetic waves or as stationary waves and travelling waves or even as transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
In any case, the wave that we have in this image is a travelling wave and we need to obtain the parts of the wave as has been shown in the image that is attached here.
Let us identify the parts of the wave as shown;
A – This is the crest, the higher point of the wave
B – This is the amplitude of the wave. It is the point of maximum displacement
C – This is the trough of the wave
D – This is the wavelength of the wave.
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What is the speed of light (c)? Remember the units.
Answer: c = 2.99792458 x 108m/s
Explanation: This equation is the speed of light in a medium having an index n, and c represents the speed of light in vacuum.
what is the number of shells and number of valence electrons for the following elements: Na, O, I, Ca
The number of electrons present in the outermost shell is called valence electrons.
What are valence electrons?The number of electrons present in the last shell is called valence electrons. The atomic number of sodium is 11 and the atomic number of oxygen is 8.
There is 1 valence electron in sodium. The number of valence electrons in oxygen is 2.
The atomic number of iodine is 53. The number of the valence electron in iodine is 1. The atomic number of calcium is 20. The valence electron in calcium is 2.
Therefore, The number of electrons present in the outermost shell is called valence electrons.
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an amphiprotic species must always have a lone pair of valence electrons, and a hydrogen atom that can be donated as a proton (h ). is this statement true or false?
This statement is true.
Amphiprotic species means molecule or ion which can either donate or accept a proton depending on their circumstances. we identify the amphiprotic species it must contain hydrogen atom that can be released a proton. it also must be capable of accepting proton from the compound. amphiprotic species must also have lone pair of valence electron and a hydrogen atom that can be donated as a proton H+
So it is true.
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Which of the following sets of values is correct for Bromine-80 (Br, #35), which has a mass of 80? (1 pt)
*
1 point
80 protons, 80 electrons, 80 neutrons, 8 valence electrons
45 protons, 45 electrons, 80 neutrons, 7 valence electrons
45 protons, 45 electrons, 35 neutrons, 8 valence electrons
35 protons, 35 electrons, 45 neutrons, 7 valence electrons
35 protons, 45 electrons, 35 neutrons, 2 valence electrons
(HURRY 6. What happens during the phase change of condensation?
liquid turns into solid
gas turns into solid
liquid turns into gas
gas turns into liquid
D
Explination: During condensation, a substance is changed from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter. Vaporization, which is more often referred to as "boiling," is the complementary process in which a chemical is converted from the liquid state of matter to a gaseous physical form.
Can anyone answer this question please it is very important
Which statement about bases is true?
(a) They are all alkalis
(b) They can neutralize acids
(c) They are all soluble
please can anyone explain what the question is about please brother/sister?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
well acids are acidic and bases are basic so they nutralize it
Option (b) They can neutralize acids, which is true about bases.
A substance that neutralizes acid is a base and this is soluble in water and is an alkali. however, all bases are not soluble in water. for that reason, All alkali are based totally however all bases are not alkali.
Bases are known as Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases. All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids as firstly proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century.
Neutralize acids, a susceptible base is used. Bases have a sour or astringent taste and a pH of more than 7. common bases are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide. Bases are neutralized by means of the usage of a weak acid.
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What is the coordination number for atoms that pack within the diamond cubic crystal structure?.
Coordination numbers are defined for the crystalline structures that tell about the numbers of atoms bonded to the central atom. The coordination number of a diamond is 4.
What is a coordination number?A coordination number has been defining the number of the ions, atoms, and molecules that are bonded to the central atom of the crystalline compound or a complex.
The diamond has 8 carbon atoms in its one unit and its coordination number is 4 as its lattice type is face-centered cubic that has carbons at the corners and face center of the structure. One carbon contributes 1/8 hence and the faces center contributes 1/2.
Therefore, the diamond has a coordination number of 4.
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A cylinder contains 10 mol of gas at STP. Calculate the temperature and pressure of the gas?
Temperature is 273 Kelvin and pressure is 1 bar.
Given - 10 mol of gas at STP
Temperature = ?
Pressure = ?
STP - STP or Standard Temperature and Pressure, refers to the nominal atmospheric conditions at sea level. 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere are the respective temperatures and pressures. The STP value is essential for physicists, chemists, engineers, pilots, and navigators in addition to other specialists.
In order to report on the qualities of matter, standard conditions for temperature (T) and pressure (P) relate to a certain temperature and pressure. STP values are frequently applied in gas experiments.
STP was previously defined as follows by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC):
It is 0 degrees Celsius outside (273.15 degrees Kelvin or 32 degrees Fahrenheit)
One atmosphere (101.325 kilopascal or 760 Torr)
This usage of the term has been dropped. However, the definition of the volume (V) term normal cubic meter continues to be often employed under these circumstances. The IUPAC has used a stricter definition of STP since 1982:
Absolute pressure: 105 Pa or 100,000 pascals (1 bar, 14.5 pounds per square inch, 0.98692 atm).
Hence, Temperature is 273 Kelvin and pressure is 1 bar at STP.
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the atom that contains only one electron in the highest occupied energy sublevel (a) s (b) ca (c) ga (d) sb (e) br
The atom that contains only one electron in the highest occupied energy sublevel is (c) Ga
A sublevel is the division of the principle energy levels. There are infinite numbers of sublevels but the defined are: s, p, d and f.
The abbreviated "s" is for sharpThe abbreviated "p" is for principleThe abbreviated "d" is for diffuseThe abbreviated "f" is for fundamentalThese energy levels are used to predict and explain the chemical bonds which atoms can form. The equation that allows for finding the distributions for an electron is the Schrodinger's equation.
For the options gave we have the following sublevels:
(a) S = [Ne] 3s2 3p4
(b) Ca = [Ar] 4s2
(c) Ga = [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
(d) Sb =[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
(e) Br = [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5
As we can see the only atom that has one electron in the highest occupied energy sublevel is Gallium
What is an atom?The atom is the smallest part of the composition of matter, it is indivisible and is composed of a nucleus that has protons and neutrons, and around the nucleus there are the electrons.
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If a meteorologist says that the air pressure is getting lower, what
would you expect to see happen to Torricelli's mercury barometer?
If the air pressure is reduced, the pointer or hand of the Torricelli's mercury barometer sinks or falls to the bottom.
An inverted (upside-down) glass tube standing in a mercury bath is a Torricellian barometer, also known as a mercury barometer. Some of the mercury's surface particles climb up the tube as a result of air pressure pushing down on it. The mercury rises more rapidly when air pressure increases.
A tall closed tube placed upside-down in a mercury bath, which is a thick liquid metal at room temperature, creates the simplest type of barometer, with the liquid rising partially up the tube as it does in a thermometer. Because mercury is more practical than water for barometers, we utilize it instead. Due to its lower density than mercury, water will be lifted by air pressure significantly higher up a tube than the same volume of mercury.
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