This problem leads you through the derivation of a corrected equation for RF in yeast tetrad analysis that takes into account double crossover (DCO) meioses. A yeast strain that cannot grow in the absence of the amino acid histidine (his−) is mated with a yeast strain that cannot grow in the absence of the amino acid lysine (lys−). Among the 400 unordered tetrads resulting from this mating, 233 were PD, 11 were NPD, and 156 were T.


a. What types of spores are in the PD, NPD, and T tetrads?


b. Are the his and lys genes linked? How do you know?


c. Using the simple equation RF = 100 × [NPD +(1/2)T]/total tetrads, calculate the distance in mapunits between the his and lys genes.


d. If you think about all the kinds of meiotic eventsthat could occur (refer to Fig. 5.24), you can see that the calculation you did in part (c) may substantially underestimate RF. What kinds of meioses (NCO, SCO, or DCO) generated each of the tetrad types in this cross?


e. What incorrect assumptions does the simple RFequation you used in part (c) make about themeiotic events producing each type of tetrad? Whencould these assumptions nevertheless be correct?


f. Use your answers to part (d) to determine thenumber of NCO, SCO, and DCO meioses thatgenerated the 400 tetrads.


g. Use your answers to part (f) to write a generalequation that relates the number of DCO meiosesto the number of the various tetrad types. Thenwrite another general equation that computes thenumber of SCO meioses as a function of the number of the various tetrad types.


h. Based on your answer to part (f), calculate theaverage number of crossovers per meiosis (m)between his and lys.


i. Use your answer to (h) to write an equation for min terms of NCO, SCO, and DCO meioses.


j. What is the relationship between RF and m?


k. Use your answer to part (j) to write a corrected equation for RF in terms of SCO, DCO, and NCO meioses. l. Using your answer to part (g), rewrite the corrected RF equation from part (k) in terms of the numbersof the various tetrad types.


m. The equation you just wrote in part (l) is a corrected equation for RF that takes into account doublecrossovers that would otherwise have been missed. Use this improved formula to calculate a moreaccurate distance between the his and lys genes than the one you calculated in part (c).

Answer:

a. more stable weather conditions --- NE

b. more wheat and less canola grown as crops ---E

c. greater threat to forests from insect pests ----E

d. greater biodiversity of wetland species ----E

e. better agricultural conditions in northern Alberta ----E

f. improved air quality in urban areas-----NE

Explanation:

The climate of Alberto change with the increase in temperature which disturb the weather condition of the region. This increase in temperature decreases the production of wheat crop so more wheat crop is cultivated for fulfilling the needs. This increase in temperature make the environment more suitable for different organisms. The climate is cold during winter so increase in temperature causes condition suitable for agriculture in northern Alberta. Improved air quality in urban areas is not possible due to more production of carbondioxide gas which leads to increase in temperature.

Answer:

Pick up earthworms gently with moist hands describes how to appropriately handle live earthworms in a lab investigation

Hope it helps :)

Answer:

The answer is Force.

Explanation:

Force is a push or push of a particular directions with a particular object.

ovulation

Explanation: ovulation is the release of eggs(ova) from the ovaries is the  cycle of change which occurs in female reproductive system for a month.

Answer:

a population dies out

Explanation:

when the environment changes causes the animals or living specimens to die out

The presence of cosmic microwave background radiation is evidence for the Big Bang theory given by scientists. The correct option is D.

The Big Bang theory exemplifies how the universe came into existence from a high density and temperature starting point.

It is the dominant cosmological model that explains the evolution of the observable universe from its earliest known periods to its subsequent large-scale form.

According to scientists, the universe should be filled with radiation that is literally the remnant heat from the Big Bang, which is known as the "cosmic microwave background," or CMB.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Answer:

[tex]y^3z^4[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]y\times y \times y \times z \times z \times z \times z= y^3z^4[/tex]

Hope this helps!

Answer:

y cubed z supersxript 4 = y^3 . z^4

Explanation:

Answer:

0.01645 KM

Explanation:

1000 M = 1 KM

16.45 / 1000 = 0.01645

Hope this helps!

Answer:

D

Explanation:

A and B are wrong because environmental impacts can't change the amount of chromosomes an animal has. D is a better answer than c because genetic variation happens within a population rather than an individual.

Answer:

Answer is the amount of genetic variation in a population Natural selection gets impacted by environmental factors.

Explanation:

Answer: The answer would be B

Explanation: All plants and animals release at least some amount of co2 into the atmosphere during cellular respiration

Both plants and animals release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during cellular respiration can be determined based on the Carbon cycle model. So, the correct option is B.

The exchange and recycling of carbon in the Earth's biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere is known as the carbon cycle. All living things contain the element carbon, which is also an important component of many important compounds such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion and weathering are just a few of the different processes that make up the carbon cycle. Plants use photosynthesis to take up atmospheric carbon dioxide and convert it into organic molecules. Plants and other organisms then use these molecules as a source of energy.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Answer:

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Chromosomes are structures formed by a DNA molecule associated with protein molecules. In prokaryotic cells, we observe a circular chromosome; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are linear and located inside the nucleus.

A. An experience or period in the author’s life.

Explanation:

A memoir is a story about an experience in someones life, but it has to be factual. A memoir can not be based on fiction, it has to be real and nonfictional.

Memoirs are usually told in first person, as it is recounting the occurrences that happened in ones life. It is different from an autobiography, as autobiographies usually focus on the whole lifespan of a person, while a memoir focuses on one topic or event that happened.

Memoirs also usually focus on personal growth throughout the writing, are truthful and keep track of the persons goals and influences.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer:

A. carbon dioxide, oxygen

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a process that certain organisms (plants, algae and some bacteria) undergo to produce their own food. The equation for photosynthesis is:

water + carbon dioxide + light energy —> glucose + oxygen

In photosynthesis, the plant takes water, carbon dioxide and light energy from the sun and turns it into glucose (sugar, or the food) and oxygen.

Therefore, the correct answer is A. carbon dioxide, oxygen. The plant will use carbon dioxide and then release oxygen as a waste product.

Answer:

There are no known organisms because of the lack of sunlight necessary for photosynthesis to produce these organisms

Explanation:

The bathyal zone is less densely populated. Sunlight does not reach this zone, meaning primary production, if any, is almost nonexistent

Answer:

68 degrees Fahrenheit

Explanation:

divide by 5 (20/5=4)

multiply by 9 (4 x 9= 36)

add 32 (36+32=68)

Answer:

68  degrees F

Explanation:

20 x 1.8 + 32

20= C

(multiply C by 1.8 then add 32!!)

Answer:

hypertension is caused by stress and salt intake

Answer:

D. The plant becomes turgid

Explanation:

Answer:

co-formation theory    

Answer:

D

Explanation:

im pretty sure

Answer:

the answer is B

Explanation:

I took the test

Answer:

Mostly HCl, Pepsin, Lipase, Water, and other Electrolytes

Explanation:

The gastric mucosa secretes 1.2 to 1.5 litres of gastric juice per day. Gastric juice renders food particles soluble, initiates digestion (particularly of proteins), and converts the gastric contents to a semiliquid mass called chyme, thus preparing it for further digestion in the small intestine. Gastric juice is a variable mixture of water, hydrochloric acid, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate), and organic substances (mucus, pepsins, and protein). This juice is highly acidic because of its hydrochloric acid content, and it is rich in enzymes. As noted above, the stomach walls are protected from digestive juices by the membrane on the surface of the epithelial cells bordering the lumen of the stomach; this membrane is rich in lipoproteins, which are resistant to attack by acid. The gastric juice of some mammals (e.g., calves) contains the enzyme rennin, which clumps milk proteins and thus takes them out of solution and makes them more susceptible to the action of a proteolytic enzyme.

Answers:

It is a unique combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl), lipase, and pepsin. It is found in all vertebrates.

Main function is to inactivate microorganisms.

Hope It helps.

The below mentioned levels shows the different structures of heart according to the given diagram:

Label A - Pulmonary Valve

Label B - Tricuspid Valve

Label C - Septum

Label D - Bicuspid Valve

Label E - Aortic Valve

Label F - Aorta

A circulatory system is defined as a system in the body that consists heart, blood vessels, arteries, veins and blood that all combined together to supply blood to all parts of body and takes up waste material from it.

Circulatory system have four major components and these are heart, veins, arteries, and blood. These are the four components that combined and form cardiovascular system.

Pulse rate or heart rate is the speed of heart beat measured number of contraction of the heart per minute. The heart rate can vary according to physical needs of human beings. If a person done a physical activity then it's need more blood circulation then pulse rate increases.

The normal pulse rate or heart rate is 60-100 bpm, but when a person is sleeping their pulse rate became 40-60 bpm.

Therefore,The below mentioned levels shows the different structures of heart according to the given diagram:

Label A - Pulmonary Valve

Label B - Tricuspid Valve

Label C - Septum

Label D - Bicuspid Valve

Label E - Aortic Valve

Label F - Aorta

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer:

Answer:

no.......................................

Answer:

yessss

Explanation:

hahhahhaha

zoom in to see

Answer:

Im pretty sure it is precipitation.

Explanation:

When precipitation occurs then we get rain, snow, or hail and usually has dark clouds.

awsere

Im pretty sure it is precipitation.

Explanation:

When precipitation occurs then we get rain, snow, or hail and usually has dark clouds.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

As organic materials age up they add up in a horizontal manner from the oldest to the youngest

Answer:

Hey!

Your answer is D!

Explanation:

As we move down on the layers, the age now INCREASES!

So the rock on the top of the rest, IS THE YOUNGEST!!

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Livestock waste

Explanation:

Fertilizers supplement the soil with macronutrients needed in large amounts: nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. However, organic and inorganic fertilizers do so via different materials. Organic fertilizers contain only plant- or animal-based materials that are either a byproduct or end product of naturally occurring processes, such as manures, leaves, and compost.

Inorganic fertilizer, also referred to as synthetic fertilizer, is manufactured artificially and contains minerals or synthetic chemicals. For example, synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are typically made from petroleum or natural gas. Phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements in inorganic fertilizers are often mined from the earth. Balanced inorganic fertilizers, high in all three macronutrients, commonly include products like ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride (potash), triple superphosphate, and magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts).

Answer:

Hey!

C. LIVE STOCK WASTE is your answer!

Explanation:

Waste from cattle/pigs/goats/hens and other animals in the farm all contain organisms which live in the waste...this is how the waste is decomposed and formed into natural fertilisers

THE REST DO NOT CONTAIN ANY ORGANIC MATTER...

HOPE THIS HELPS!!

Answer: 1yd over 3ft and 3ft over 1yd ( a and d)

Explanation: ….

Answer:

It does not contain chlorophyll which is needed to absorb light or energy.

Answer:

The parts without chlorophyll do not photosynthesise, and so they do not make starch and the iodine does not change colour.

The green parts contain chlorophyll and photosynthesise to make starch.

The white part of the leaf does not contain chlorophyll, so does not photosynthesise.

Explanation: