Answer:
The rates of decay of radioactive elements
Explanation:
The age of a rock in years is called its absolute age. Geologists find absolute ages by measuring the amount of certain radioactive elements in the rock. When rocks are formed, small amounts of radioactive elements usually get included.
Which metal can replace another metal in a reaction
Answer:
The products of the reaction are aqueous magnesium nitrate and solid copper metal. This subcategory of single-replacement reactions is called a metal replacement reaction because it is a metal that is being replaced (zinc)
Explanation:
The products of the reaction are aqueous magnesium nitrate and solid copper metal. This subcategory of single-replacement reactions is called a metal replacement reaction because it is a metal that is being replaced (zinc)
The reaction of hydrogen bromide(g) with chlorine(g) to form hydrogen chloride(g) and bromine(g) proceeds as follows: 2HBr(g) + Cl2(g)2HCl(g) + Br2(g) When 23.9 g HBr(g) reacts with sufficient Cl2(g), 12.0 kJ is evolved. Calculate the value of rH for the chemical equation given.
Answer:
The enthalpy of reaction per mole of HBr for this reaction = ΔrH = -40.62 kJ/mole.
Explanation:
2HBr(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) + Br2(g)
When 23.9 g HBr(g) reacts with sufficient Cl2(g), 12.0 kJ of heat is evolved, calculate the value of ΔrH for the chemical reaction.
Note that ΔrH is the enthalpy per mole for the reaction.
Molar mass of HBr (g) = 80.91 g/mol.
Hence, 1 mole of HBr = 80.91 g
23.9 g of HBr led to the reaction giving off 12.0 kJ of heat
80.91 g of HBr will lead to the evolution of (80.91 × 12/23.9) = 40.62 kJ heat is given off.
Hence, 40.62 kJ of heat is given off per 80.91 g of HBr.
This directly translates to that 40.62 kJ of heat is given off per 1 mole of HBr
Hence, the heat given off per mole of HBr for this reaction is 40.62 kJ/mole.
But since the reaction liberates heat, it means the reaction is exothermic and the enthalpy change for the reaction (ΔHrxn) is negative.
Hence, ΔrH = -40.62 kJ/mole.
Hope this Helps!!!
An electrochemical cell is constructed with a zinc metal anode in contact with a 0.052 M solution of zinc nitrate and a silver cathode in contact with a 0.0042 M solution of silver(I) nitrate. What is the value of Q to use in the Nernst equation for this cell
Answer:
Q = 12.38
Explanation:
The Nernst equation is given as; Ecell = E°cell - (2.303RT/nF) log Q ;where Q is the reaction quotient.
The reaction quotient, Q in a reaction, is the product of the concentrations of the products divided by the product of the concentrations of the reactants.
In an electrochemical cell, Q is the ratio of the concentration of the electrolyte at the anode to that of the electrolyte at the cathode.
Q = [anode]/[cathode]
therefore , Q = 0.052/0.0042 = 12.38
How do forces between particles in liquids compare to forces in tho other states of matter?
Answer:I hope it will be beneficial for you
Force of attraction between the particles of solid is very strong the particles of solid are held together by strong inter molecular forces leading to the formation of a rigid structure
Force of attraction between the particles of the liquid is weak as compare to solids there particles are far away from each other and have the property to move easily.
Force of attraction between the particles of gases is very weak than the two states hence the particles of gases are highly compressible having week intermolecular interaction between them and have indefinite shape and volume
Answer:
Forces between particles in Liquids are closely packed compared to other states of matter like the liquid and gaseous state of matter.
Explanation:
How many kg of gas fill a 11.6 gal gas tank
Answer:
43.964
Explanation:
i think i used a calculator so let me know if its wrong
Answer:
39.49 kg
Explanation:
:)
3. Scientific methods may include three steps of study as listed below. Explain each step in detail with a complete content related sentence. (ref: p.12-16) a. Hypothesis b. Theory c. Scientific law
Answer:
Hypothesis is an assumption or idea about a particular topic or argument. An hypothesis should be one which is able to be tested and measurable to determine its authenticity.
A theory is an explanation of a scientific observation which has undergone series of experiments and is reproducible in any part of the world.
A law is simply a rule which gives an in depth explanation of a scientific finding. If new findings emerge the law could be changed or modified.
An ethylene glycol solution contains 21.4 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 97.6 mL of water.
Required:
a. Determine the freezing point of the solution. Express you answer in degrees Celsius. (Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL for water.)
b. Compute the boiling point of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL for water.)
Answer:
a. TFinal = -6.57°C
b. Tfinal = 101.80°C
Explanation:
When a solute is added to a solvent producing an ideal solution, the freezing point of the solution decreases with regard to pure solvent. Also, boiling point increases with regard to pure solvent.
The formulas are:
Freezing point:
ΔT = Kf×m×i
Where Kf is freezeing point depression constant of water (1.86°C/m), m is molality of solution and i is van't Hoff factor (1 for ethylene glycol).
Boiling point:
ΔT = Kb×m×i
Where K is freezeing point depression constant of water (0.51°C/m), m is molality of solution and i is van't Hoff factor (1 for ethylene glycol).
Moles of 21.4g of ethylene glycol (Molar mass: 62.07g/mol) are:
21.4g C₂H₆O₂ ₓ (1mol / 62.07g) = 0.345 moles
And kg of 97.6mL of water = 97.6g are 0.0976kg. Molality of the solution is:
0.345mol / 0.0976kg = 3.5325m
Replacing in the formulas:
a. Freezing point:
ΔT = 1.86C/m×3.5325m×1
ΔT = 6.57°C
0°C - Tfinal = 6.57°C
TFinal = -6.57°Cb. Boiling point:
ΔT = 0.51°C/m×3.5325m×1
ΔT = 1.80°C
Tfinal - 100°C = 1.80°C
Tfinal = 101.80°C
BASIC CALCULATIONS IN SPECTROSCOPY
1. Calculate the %T of light at 425nm if the light entering the cell is 200 lumens and the amount of light exiting the cell is 50 lumens.
2. Calculate the absorbance of the above problem.
Answer: 25%
Explanation:
1. Transmittance, T= P/P0
Where P = light exiting the cell
P0 = light entering the cell
Therefore %T = P/P0 ×100
= 50/200×100
=25%
2. Absorbance, A= -log(T)
But T= 0.25
Therefore A= -log(0.25)
= 0.6020
What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 19 F
9?
Answer:
This isotope of fluorine has 9 protons, 9 electrons and 10 neutrons.
Explanation:
Write the equilibrium constant: Pb3(PO4)2(s) = 3Pb2+ (aq) +
2PO2 (aq)
Answer:
Kc = [Pb²⁺]³.[PO₄³⁻]²
Explanation:
Let's consider the following reaction at equilibrium.
Pb₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇄ 3 Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)
The concentration equilibrium constant is the product of the concentrations of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the product of the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. It only includes gases and aqueous species.
Kc = [Pb²⁺]³.[PO₄³⁻]²
This equilibrium constant is known as the solubility product of Pb₃(PO₄)₂.
which statement describes the reactions in an electrochemical cell
Answer & explanation:
Summary on electrochemical cells and redox reactions:
Electrochemical cells (or batteries) can be defined as devices capable of transforming chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous reactions of redox, in which electron transfer occurs.
Redox it is a chemical reaction in which there is the occurrence of oxidation and reduction of atoms of substances (chemical species) present in the process.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons by an atom of a chemical species, while reduction is the gain of electrons by an atom of a chemical species.
Thus, during an oxirreduction reaction, electrons move from the species that loses them towards the species that will receive them. This "movement" results in the formation of an electric current (or electrical energy) as occurs with batteries, for example.
Humans have three types of cone cells in their eyes, which are responsible for color vision. Each type absorbs a certain part of the visible spectrum. Suppose a particular cone cell absorbs light with a wavelength of 434.nm. Calculate the frequency of this light. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
Answer:
6.91 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Wavelength of the radiation absorbed by the cone (λ): 434 nm
Step 2: Convert the wavelength to meters
We will use the relationship 1 m = 10⁹ nm.
[tex]434nm \times \frac{1m}{10^{9}nm } =4.34 \times 10^{-7} m[/tex]
Step 3: Calculate the frequency (ν) of the radiation
We will use the following expression.
[tex]c = \lambda \times \nu[/tex]
where,
c is the speed of light (3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)
[tex]c = \lambda \times \nu\\\nu = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3.00 \times 10^{8}m/s }{4.34 \times 10^{-7}m }= 6.91 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]
Compound H is optically active and has the molecular formula C6H10 and has a five carbon ring. On catalytic hydrogenation, H is converted to I (C6H12) and I is optically inactive. Propose structures for H and I. (Draw a three-dimensional formula for each using dashes and wedges around chiral centers.)
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that ;
Compound H is optically active and have a molecular formula of C6H10 and therefore undergo catalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation involves the use Platinum/Nickel to produce C6H12
i.e
[tex]C_6H_{10} +H_2 \to ^{Pt/Ni} \ \ \ C_6H_{12}[/tex]
The proposed H and I structures are shown in the diagrams attached below .
compound H represents 3- methyl cyclopentene
compound I represents methyl cyclopentane
However; 3- methyl cyclopentene posses just only one chiral carbon which is optically active at the third position and it R and S enantiomers are shown in the second diagram below.
The starting material is 3-methylcyclopentene while the optically inactive product is 1-methyl cyclopentane.
Hydrogenation refers to the addition of hydrogen across the double bond of an unsaturated compound. Hydrogenation results in the formation of a saturated compound having two more hydrogen atoms than the starting material.
The starting material is optically active 3-methylcyclopentene. The R and S enantiomers of the starting material is shown in image (1) attached. The optically inactive product is, 1-methyl cyclopentane is shown in image (2) attached.
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Which statement best describes information that would be associated with science rather than with pseudoscience?
Answer:
The information has been changed to support a claim
Explanation:
A scientists compares two samples of white powder
Answer:
answer is in exaplation
Explanation:
Answer. Chemical reaction had occurred and both the powders are different substances.
Explanation:
As density is an intensive property of the substance.Which means that different substance have different densities.
Density = \frac{mass}{volume}
volume
mass
Density of powder 1, d_1=\frac{0.5g}{45cm^3}=0.11g/cm^3d
1
=
45cm
3
0.5g
=0.11g/cm
3
Density of powder 2, d_2=\frac{1.3g}{65cm^3}=0.02g/cm^3d
2
=
65cm
3
1.3g
=0.02g/cm
3
On comparing both the densities of the powders we can say that both the substances are different. So we can conclude that the chemical reaction had occurred.
Based on this information what is the most likely reason for refrigerating most foods reduce the rate at which they spoil
Answer: The lower temperature reduces molecule speeds, reducing the number of effective collisions.
Explanation:
Heat is added to a 1.0-kg block of ice at OC. Determine if the process is
endothermic or exothermic. Explain your answer. *
Answer:
endothermic
Explanation:
Heat is added to make the process possible.
Experiment predicted observation A student has two unopened cans containing carbonated water. Can A has been stored in the garage () and can B has been stored in the fridge (). The student opens one can at the time, both cans make a fizz.
A) The fizz will be the same for both cans
B) There is not enough information to predict which can will make the louder fizz
C) Can A will make a louder and stronger fizz than can B.
D) Can B will make a louder and stronger fizz than can A.
Answer:
Can A will make a louder and stronger fizz than can B.
Explanation:
Temperature has a direct effect on gas solubility. We know that carbonated water contains carbon dioxide dissolved in water. The extent of dissolution or solubility of this gas is dependent on the temperature of the system.
As the temperature of the system rises, the solubility of gas in solution decreases. It follows that can A, having been stored in a garage is definitely at a higher temperature than can B stored in the refrigerator.
Since solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature, the carbon dioxide in can A will be less soluble than in can B. This will cause can A to make a louder and stronger fizz when opened than can B.
A 100.0 mL sample of 0.300 M NaOH is mixed with a 100.0 mL sample of 0.300 M HNO 3 in a coffee cup calorimeter. If both solutions were initially at 35.00°C and the temperature of the resulting solution was recorded as 37.00°C, determine the ΔH° rxn (in units of kJ/mol NaOH) for the neutralization reaction between aqueous NaOH and HCl. Assume 1) that no heat is lost to the calorimeter or the surroundings, and 2) that the density and the heat capacity of the resulting solution are the same as water.
Answer:
THE STANDARD HEAT OF NEUTRALIZATION OF THE BASE SODIUM HYDROXIDE BY THE ACID HYDROGEN TRIOXONITRATE V ACID IS -56 kJ / mol.
Explanation:
Volume of 0.3 M NaOh = 100 mL
Volume of 0.3 M HNO3 = 100 mL
Initail temp of NaOH and HNO3 = 35 °C = 35 + 273 K = 308 K
Final temp. of mixture = 37 °C = 37 + 273 K = 310 K
We can make the following assumptions form the question given:
1. specific heat of the reaction mixture is the same as the specific heat of water = 4.2 J/g K
2. the toal mass of the reaction mixture is 200 mL = 200 g since no heat is lost to the calorimeter or surrounding.
3. initail temperature of the reaction mixture is equal to the average temperature of the two reactant solutions
= ( 308 + 308 /2) = 308 K
4. Rise in temeperature for the reaction = 310 -308 K = 2 K
Then the total heat evolved during the reaction = mass * specifc heat capacity * temperature change
Heat = 200 g * 4.2 J/g K * 2 K
Heat = 1680 J
EQUATION FOR THE REACTION
HNO3 + NaOH -------> NaNO3 + H20
From the equation, 1 mole of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of NaOH to prouce mole of water.
100 mL of 0.5 M HNO3 contains 100 * 0.3 /1000 = 0.03 mole of acid
This result is same for the base NaOH = 0.03 mole of base
So therefore,
0.03 mole of acid will react with 0.03 mole of base to produce 0.03 mole of water to evolved 1680 J of heat energy.
The production of 1 mole of water will evolve 1680 / 0.03 J of heat
= 56 000 J or 56 kJ of heat energy per mole of water.
So therefore, 1the standard heat of neutralization of sodium hydroxide by trioxoxnitrate V acid is -56 kJ/mol.
Why are sediments carried by wind deposited in a sorted manner? ( that is the largest particles at the bottom and the smallest particles on top)
Answer:
Explanation:
The larger sediment particles are having more weright(mass), hence fall quickly (early) and smaller particles with low mass are carried by wind for longer time and falls slowly , hence you observe sorted kind of things. Hope this helps you to understadn this phenomenon.
complite the following reactions. NaOH(aq)+FeBr3(aq)→
Answer:
3NaOH+FeBr3>3NaBr+
Fe(OH)3
Explanation:
After writing the equation it has to be balanced
Which of the following is not an example of a mechanical wave?
A. Fans doing "The Wave" at a sporting event.
B. Sound waves coming out of the radio.
C. Water waves at hie beach.
D. Sunshine.
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
A mechanical wave is a wave of energy that can travel long distances and could go through characteristics of matter such as solids, liquids, and gases. Mechanical waves can also travel through vacuums. A good example of a mechanical wave would be sound, sound is a wave spread through a object and can go through different types of matter. Which is why your answer is option D "sunshine." Light cannot go through a vacuum while sounds, and water can.
Hope this helps.
The mechanical wave example does not include the sunshine
What is mechanical waves ?It is the wave of energy that can travel long distances and considered the characteristics of matter like solids, liquids, and gases. It can also travel via vacuums. The Light cannot go via a vacuum while sounds, and water can go.
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4.The reaction of 0.25 g magnesium with 100.0 mL of 2 M hydrochloric acid (density d = 1.039 g/ml) raises the temperature of the solution from 20.0 °C to 35.0 °C. The specific heat for HCl is 3.98 J/(g.C). Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) —> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Calculate the heat of the reaction. (Use the equation Q = s . m .ΔT where s is the specific heat, m is the mass of solution and ΔT is the change in temperature)
Answer:
[tex]Q=450.14J[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the given equation to compute the heat, we should compute the mass of the solution of hydrochloric acid, thus, the first step is to compute its reacting mass:
[tex]m_{HCl}^{reacting}=2\frac{mol}{L}*0.1000L *\frac{36.45g}{1mol}=7.29g[/tex]
Then, we obtain the total mass of the formed solution:
[tex]m=0.25g+7.29g=7.54g[/tex]
In such a way, we can infer that the specific heat of the solution is mainly the specific heat of hydrochloric acid, therefore the heat turns out:
[tex]Q=3.98\frac{J}{g\°C} *7.54g*(35.0\°C-20.0\°C)\\\\Q=450.14J[/tex]
Regards.
A sample of thallium(III) peroxide, Tl2(O2)3, contains 2.45 mol of thallium(III) ions. The number of moles of peroxide ions in the sample is
Answer:
The correct answer is 3.675 moles.
Explanation:
Based on the question, the reaction taking place is,
Tl₂(O₂)₃ ⇒ 2Tl⁺³ + 3O₂⁻²
Thus, 1 mole of thallium peroxide comprise 2 moles of thallium and 3 moles of peroxide ions.
However, based on the given question, a sample of thallium peroxide comprise 2.45 moles of thallium ions. The moles of peroxide ions present in the sample will be,
= 2.45 × 3 / 2
= 3.675 moles.
Hence, the moles of peroxide ions present in the given sample is 3.675.
What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction? H3PO4 + HCl → PCl5 + H2O Question 7 options: H3PO4 + 5HCl → PCl5 + H2O 2H3PO4 + 10HCl → 2PCl5 + 4H2O 2H3PO4 + 5HCl → 2PCl5 + 3H2O H3PO4 + 5HCl → PCl5 + 4H2O
Answer:
H3PO4 + 5HCl → PCl5 + 4H2O
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation. Notice that, originally, there's only one atom of chlorine on the left side and five atoms of chlorine on the right. The coefficient of 5 is added to the HCl compound to correct this. However, now there are eight atoms of hydrogen on the left and only two on the right. Adding the coefficient of 4 to the H2O compound balances the hydrogen and also balances oxygen on both sides at the same time.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
H₃PO₄ + 5HCl → PCl₅ + 4H₂O (last option)
How to write balance equation?To write the balance equation for any given reaction, all we need to do is to ensure that the number of atoms in the reacting species and products formed are equal on both sides of the equation.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction given in the question can be obtained as follow:
H₃PO₄ + HCl → PCl₅ + H₂O
There are 5 atoms of Cl on the right side and 1 atom on the left. It can be balanced by writing 5 before HCl as shown below:
H₃PO₄ + 5HCl → PCl₅ + H₂O
There are a total of 8 atoms of H on the left side and 2 atoms on the right. It can be balanced by writing 4 before H₂O as shown below:
H₃PO₄ + 5HCl → PCl₅ + 4H₂O
Now, we can see that the number of atoms in the reactants and products are equal.
Thus, the balanced equation for the reaction is
H₃PO₄ + 5HCl → PCl₅ + 4H₂O (last option)
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For the aqueous reaction dihydroxyacetone phosphate↽−−⇀glyceraldehyde−3−phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate↽−−⇀glyceraldehyde−3−phosphate the standard change in Gibbs free energy is ΔG°′=7.53 kJ/molΔG°′=7.53 kJ/mol . Calculate ΔGΔG for this reaction at 298 K298 K when [dihydroxyacetone phosphate]=0.100 M[dihydroxyacetone phosphate]=0.100 M and [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate]=0.00200 M[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate]=0.00200 M .
Answer:
ΔG = -2.17 kJ/mol
Explanation:
ΔG of a reaction at any moment could be obtained thus:
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q
Where ΔG° is standard change in free energy of a particular reaction (7.53kJ/mol for the reaction of the problem, R is gas constant (8.314×10⁻³kJ/molK), T is absolute temperature (298K) and Q is reaction quotient of the reaction.
For the reaction:
dihydroxyacetone phosphate ⇄ glyceraldehyde−3−phosphate
Q is defined as:
Q = [glyceraldehyde−3−phosphate] / [dihydroxyacetone phosphate]
Replacing values in ΔG formula:
ΔG = 7.53kJ/mol + 8.314×10⁻³kJ/molK × 298.15K ln [0.00200M] / [0.100M]
ΔG = -2.17 kJ/mol
a introduction paragraph about coal and natural gas
Answer:
here is ur and
Explanation:
Coal, oil and natural gas are called fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are burned to make energy. Burning fossil fuels also releases CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas into the atmosphere. Most air pollutants (such as sulfur dioxide) don't stay in the atmosphere very long.
pls mark.me as brainliest
Commercially available hot packs are simple in design: a pouch with water on one side, isolated by a barrier from a specific salt on the other side. When the barrier is broken, the salt and water mix and the solution becomes hot. Select the statement that is true about the reaction occurring in hot packs.A. The hot pack absorbs heat from the environment.
B. The reaction between the salt and water is exothermic.
C. The reaction between the salt and water is endothermic.
D. The reaction between the salt and water is neither endothermic nor exothermic.
Answer:
b :)
Explanation:
an exothermic reaction is when heat/light is produced. heart is produced from this reaction so it is exothermic
The correct answer is option c. The reaction between salt and water is endothermic.
How are salt and water endothermic?Chemical reaction
Salt is a hygroscopic material that attracts water and heat from its surroundings. This is why leather shoes are "dry" and wrinkled when covered with salt. This type of reaction is known as an endothermic reaction, which is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat.
Endothermic reaction: A chemical reaction that absorbs heat is called an endothermic reaction. The temperature will drop. For example, (i) heating nitrogen and oxygen together to a temperature of about 3000 ° C produces nitrogen oxide gas. N2 + O2 + heat → 2NO (g)
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50.0 g N204 (92.02 g/mol) react with 45.0 g N2H4 (32.05 g/mol) forming nitrogen gas, N2
(28.01 g/mol) and water, H20 (18.02 g/mol). What mass in grams of excess-reactant is
left over?
Answer:
The excess reactant is N2H4 and the leftover mass is 10.17g.
Explanation:
Step 1:
The balanced equation for the reaction.
N2O4 + 2N2H4 —> 3N2 + 4H2O
Step 2
Determination of the masses of N2O4 and N2H4 that reacted from the balanced equation:
Molar mass of N2O4 = 92.02 g/mol
Mass of N2O4 from the balanced equation = 1 x 92.02 = 92.02g
Molar mass of N2H4 = 32.05 g/mol
Mass of N2H4 from the balanced equation = 2 x 32.05 = 64.1g
From the balanced equation above, 92.02g of N2O4 reacted with 64.1g of N2H4.
Step 3:
Determination of the excess reactant. This is illustrated below:
From the balanced equation above, 92.02g of N2O4 reacted with 64.1g of N2H4.
Therefore, 50g of N2O4 will react with = (50 x 64.1)/92.02 = 34.83g of N2H4.
From the calculations made above, we can see that only 34.83g of N2H4 reacted out of 45g that was given. Therefore, N2H4 is the excess reactant.
Step 4:
Determination of the mass of excess reactant that is leftover.
The excess reactant is N2H4 and the leftover mass can be obtained as follow:
Mass of N2H4 given = 45g
Mass of N2H4 that reacted = 34.83g
Leftover mass of N2H4 =..?
Leftover mass of N2H4 = (Mass of N2H4 given) – (Mass of N2H4 that reacted)
Leftover mass of N2H4 = 45 – 34.83
Leftover mass of N2H4 = = 10.17g.
Solids in which the atoms have no particular order or pattern are called what solids
Answer:
Amorphous solids .
Explanation:
They have no particular order or pattern.Each particle is in a particular spot, but the particles are in no organized pattern.