Answer:
180,000 nucleotide pairs = 180 kilobase pair (kbp) = 0.18 Megabase pairs (Mbp)
Explanation:
Synthesis rate = 1,000 nucleotides (nts) x second
1 minute = 60 seconds
30 minutes = 60 x 30 = 1,800 seconds
>> 1,800 seconds x 1,000 nuleotides per second = 180,000 nts
A typical bacterial genome contains approximately 5 Mbps of DNA that conforms a circular chromosome localized in the cytoplasm. In consequence, in this case the bacterial genome is small (0.18 Mbp).
DNA replication is a process in which the fragment gets replicated to form two indistinguishable replicas of itself. It is vital for the growth and passing of hereditary information to the newly produced daughter cells.
180,000 nucleotide pairs are formed in the replicating bacteria.
This can be calculated by:
[tex]\text{Synthesis rate} & = 1,000 \;\text{nucleotides (nts)} \times \text{ second}[/tex]
We know that 1 minute = 60 seconds So, 30 minutes = 60 x 30 = 1,800 seconds[tex]\text{1,800 seconds} \times \text{ 1,000 nucleotide per second} & = 180,000 \;\text{nts}[/tex]
The bacterial genome thus produced will have 180,000 nucleotide pairs or 180 kilo-base pairs (kbp) or 0.18 Megabase pairs (Mbp) in the chromosome.
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soil erosion soil erosion can be prevented by the following ways except A. mulching B. erracing C. strip cropping D. deforestation E. planting of cover crops
Answer:
Answer is D, Deforestation
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Have a nice day :D
Write in the space provided the type of non-Mendelian inheritance from the list above that matches the descriptions or the examples listed below.
1. ________when a gene has more than two allele variants.
2. ________Whena singlegene orallele controls the expression of 2 or more traits.
3. _______when offspring show a blended phenotype, a physical appearance intermediate to the phenotype of both parents.
4. _______when an allele is carried in the X chromosome.
5. _______when two dominant alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
6. _______when a snapdragon plant with red flowers is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers and all their offspring produce pink flowers.
7. _______when the offspring of a red bull and a white cow producer oan offspring, a coat pattern that shows an equal mixture ofred hairs and white hairs.
8. _______when one gene controls the expression of a gene at a different locus.
9. _______in humans, wetear wax and strong body odor are two characteristics controlled by one allele.
10 ______red-green color blindness is a deficiency that appears more frequently in men. Boys inherit thered-green color deficiency allele from their mothers.
Answer:
Explanation below.
Explanation:
1. Multiple gene alleles.
2. Dominant gene
3. Heterozygous
4. Female trait
5. Homozygous
6. Evolution/ new breed
7. Mixed breed
8. Dominant gene
9. Hereditary
10. Rare gene
how can digestive enzymes assist in breaking macromolecules down into smaller subunit?
Answer:
Chemical digestion
Mechanical digestion can only break up the food particles into smaller pieces. A chemical digestion process called enzymatic hydrolysis can break the bonds holding the molecular 'building blocks' within the food together. For example, proteins are broken down into their 'building block' amino acids.
Explanation:
HOPE THIS HELPS : D
Every living organism begins life as a single
Answer: cell
Explanation:
Every living organism begins life as a single cell, usually called a zygote.
A reseacher was studying mutations in bacteria.he found that certain bacteria had changes in their dna that allowed them to be resistant to antibotics.this research is an example of. The mutation will lead to
Answer: 1.B). Evolution genetics.
2.C). Less Bacteria becoming resistant to the specific Antibiotics .
Explanation:
Evolution genetics is field of science, which includes study of genetic variations that lead to evolutionary changes in organisms. As some bacteria had changed their DNA that led to development of antibiotic resistance in them.
Due to antibiotic resistance, certain bacteria, in which changes in DNA take place, become resistant against some type of antibiotics and those antibiotics are no longer effective to prevent or kill them
Thus, the correct options to be filled in the blanks are option (B) and option (C).
Pigment of chicken feathers is regulated by two genes, the gene for feather pigment C, and a gene that inhibits pigment production, I. A mother chicken, who is heterozygous for gene C, and heterozygous for gene I, is crossed with a father chicken, who is homozygous recessive for the pigment gene, and heterozygous for gene.
1) What are the potential haplotypes of the gametes produced by the mother for these two genes?
2) What are the potential haplotypes of the gametes produced by the father for these two gametes?
3) What is the probability of one of the offspring of these two chickens having pigmented feathers?
4) In a population of 100 chickens, produced from the same parents, how many chickens would you expect to have white feathers?
Answer:
(1) CI Ci cI ci
(2) CI Ci
(3) 25
(4) 75
Explanation:
Mother is in this case is heterozygous for C & I, genotype of mother would be : CcIi
Father is on other hand is homozygous for C (dominant) and heterozygous for I, genotype : CCIi
1. Gametes produced by the mother will be:
CI Ci cI ci by the combinantion of C, I, c, and i alelles present in mothers genotype.
2. Gametes produced by the father :
CI Ci by the combinantion of alleles present i genotype of father CCIi
3. probability of one of the offspring of these two chickens having pigmented feathers:
2/8 × 100 = 25% ( punnet is attached)
4. chicken with white feather in population of 100 chickens:
probability of being white × 100
probability of being white : 1 - 2/8
thus, (1-2/8) × 100 = 6/8 × 100
= 75%
Consider an experiment where you digest a DNA molecule with restriction enzyme BclI. You resolve the products of the digest by gel electrophoresis. Then, you cut out each of the resulting two bands from the gel and sequence the DNA. The sequencing results return two DNA segments.
Segment 1
5′ CCGCGGT 3′
3′ GGCGCCACTAG 5′
Segment 2
5′ GATCAGGATCC 3′
3′ TCCTAGG 5′
1. What is the sequence of the BclI recognition site?
2. What type of ends do the products have?
Answer:
This BclI restriction enzyme recognizes and cut at T / CTAG nucleotide sequences.
Explanation:
5′ CCGCGGT 3′
3′ GGCGCCACTAG 5′
Segment 2
5′ GATCAGGATCC 3′
3′ TCCTAGG 5′
The BclI enzyme generates sticky ends, it means that the enzyme recognises and cuts nucleotide sequences without complementary bases, which also have weak hydrogen bonds. The sticky ends are then generated when an enzyme produces unpaired nucleotide ends. Nonetheless, restriction enzymes generally produce blunt ends, i.e., both strands cut at the same site.
_________15. Which one of the following feature is common in C3, C4 and CAM photosynthesis?
A. Fix CO2 twice in their cycle
B. Produce oxaloacetaate as their stable produce
C. Fixation of CO2 occurs by mesophyll cells
D. Their bundle sheath having chloroplast with no thylakoids
A. Fix CO2 twice in their cycle
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*Hedgehogs are nocturnal and hibernate during the winter. Which of the
following is NOT true?
A)Hedgehogs eat insects and worms - they are herbivores
B)Their metabolic rate drops in winter
C)They are nocturnal as many insects are active at night
D)They hibernate as food is scarce in winter
Which statement best explains why fermentation occurs in mammals? It enables mammals to generate additional ATPATP in an oxygen‑rich environment. It breaks down lactic acid to generate a small amount of ATPATP under anaerobic conditions. It generates ethanol, which can be used as an alternative source of energy. It produces an acid that maintains blood pH within a narrow range. It allows glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions by replenishing NAD+NAD+ .
Answer:
The last option.
Explanation:
Fermentation/ Anaerobic respiration is important to supply ATP in the absence of oxygen.
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation happen to provide about 32 ATP molecules. In its absence, only glycolysis can take place because it's the only step that doesnt need oxygen, to give a net supply of 2 ATP.
Even though glycolysis doesn't need oxygen, it needs NAD, and if the reduced NAD doesn't lose its hydrogens via oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate (the end product of glycolysis) becomes the recipient of the hydrogen.
Pyruvate gets reduced to lactate.
The correct answer as to which best explains why fermentation occurs in mammals would be that it breaks down lactic acid to generate a small amount of ATP under anaerobic condition.
Aerobic respiration takes place in 3 steps:
Glycolysis: during which glucose is converted into pyruvate molecules with 2 ATP and 2NADH molecules produced.Citric acid cycle: during which pyruvate molecules from glycolysis are converted to CO2 with ATP, NADH, and FADH2 generatedElectron transport chain: during which the NADH and FADH2 produced in citric acid cycle are used to generate ATP.When oxygen becomes inadequate during rigorous activities in human cells, pyruvate molecules cannot proceed to the citric acid cycle due to lack of oxygen. Instead, the pyruvate molecules are converted to lactic acid through fermentation to generate 2 molecules of ATP.
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Since the human genome was first published in 2001, scientists have quickly improved genetic sequencing, generating genetic and genomic data for hundreds of organisms. As data collection improves, the ability to collect and process whole genome sequences is becoming cheaper and easier. The prospect of sequencing entire genomes of many different species brings up many ethical questions related to both social issues and political policies. Select the statements related to the use of genetic information that are not potential social or ethical issues in the United States??1. Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are used to increase vitamin A content in maize.2. Databases are created using genetic sequence data collected at crime scenes.3. Participants willingly donate their DNA for specific research purposes.4. Approved genetic screening methods are used to detect rare disease alleles in afflicted individuals.5. Genomic sequence data is used to identify genetic variants that may impact an individual\'s response to different medicines.
Answer:
2. Databases are created using genetic sequence data collected at crime scenes.
3. Participants willingly donate their DNA for specific research purposes
Explanation:
Genetic sequence is also used for solving the criminal cases by using any biological material that is collected during investigation at the crime scene. The crime department has forensic lab where these biological materials are tested. Sometime participants also donate their DNA for specific research and experiments in order to increase the knowledge about genetics so both have no social or ethical issues in the United States.
Vhat do scientists need to look at before developing an argument?
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
Their opinion and personal views.
The arguments of famous people on the topic.
The arguments that make the most sense for society.
Answer:
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
Explanation:
Making an argument and discussion over the scientific arguments are considered important to the scientific method.
The argument should be made in a way that it should check the validity of the hypothesis. The scientist who has to make an argument should consider various steps of scientific method like hypothesis which should predict the explanation of the natural phenomenon.
The person should consider the validity of the data whether it supports the hypothesis or not and observation of the experiment.
Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
edge 2020
Building large manufacturing facilities can affect
ecosystems by increasing the
Answer:demand for resources such as fossil fuels
Explanation:
Building large manufacturing facilities can affect ecosystems by increasing the demand for resources such as fossil fuels.
Thus, The breakdown of buried, carbon-based organisms that perished millions of years ago produces fossil fuels. They produce deposits rich in carbon, which are taken out and burned to provide energy.
They presently provide about 80% of the world's energy and are non-renewable. A vast array of items, including plastic and steel, are also produced using them. Coal, oil, and gas are the three forms of fossil fuels.
Global warming is mostly caused by emissions from fossil fuels, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 89% of the world's CO2 emissions in 2018 came from industry and fossil fuels.
Thus, Building large manufacturing facilities can affect ecosystems by increasing the demand for resources such as fossil fuels.
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is the relationship linear,exponential, or neither? (9,13) (14,16) (19,19) (24,22)
Answer:
Linear
Explanation:
If you were to put this in a table, the rate of change would be constant
A female fly that has miniature wings and sepia eyes is crossed with a male that has normal wings and is homozygous for red eyes. The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. Give the phenotypes and their proportions expected in the F1 and F2 flies from this cross.
Answer and Explanation:
The gene that expresses the size of the wing is X-linked. The dominant allele expresses long wings, XM, while the recessive allele expresses miniature wings, Xm. The gene that expresses the color of the eyes is autosomal. The dominant allele expresses red color, S, and the recessive allele expresses sepia color, s.A female fly that has miniature wings and sepia eyes (XmXm ss) is crossed with a male that has normal wings and is homozygous for red eyes (XMY SS).
The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2.
1º Cross:
Parental) XmXm ss x XMY SS
Gametes) Xms Xms Xms Xms
XMS XMS YS YS
Punnet Square) Xms Xms Xms Xms
XMS XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs
XMS XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs
YS XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss
YS XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss
F1) 1/2 or 50% of the progeny are females and the other 1/2 or 50% are males
100% of the females (1/2 or 50% of the progeny) are long-winged and red-eyed
100% of the males (1/2 or 50% of the progeny) are miniature.winged and red-eyed.
2º Cross:
Parental) XMXm Ss x XmY Ss
Gametes) XMS XMs XmS Xms
XmS Xms YS Ys
Punnet Square) XMS XMs XmS Xms
XmS XMXm SS XMXm Ss XmXm SS XmXm Ss
Xms XMXm Ss XMXm ss XmXm Ss XmXm ss
YS XMY SS XMY Ss XmY SS XmY Ss
Ys XMY Ss XMY ss XmY Ss XmY ss
F2) 8/16=4/8=1/2 or 50% of the progeny are females and the other 1/2 or 50% are males
Females (8/16):
3/8 of the females are long-winged and red-eyed, XMX- S-1/8 of the females are long-winged and sepia-eyed, XMX- ss3/8 of the females are miniature-winged and red-eyed, XmXm S-1/8 of the females are miniature-winged and sepia-eyed, XmXm ssMales (8/16):
3/8 of the males are long-winged and red-eyed, XMY S-1/8 of the males are long-winged and sepia-eyed, XMY ss3/8 of the males are miniature-winged and red-eyed, XmY S-1/8 of the males are miniature-winged and sepia-eyed, XmY ssNote: The symbol "-" means that in its place might be a recessive allele or a dominant allele. For example, S- means that it might be SS or Ss.
a particular gene can have two forms, called alleles. which statement best describes the difference between the dominant allele and the recessive allele?
(a)only the recessive allele is expressed when both alleles ate inherited.
(b)the recessive allele can be expressed only if it moves to a different chromosome.
(c)only the dominant allele is expressed when both alleles are inherited.
(d)the dominant allele can be expressed only if two homologous chromosomes have it.
Answer:
The answer is D I'm pretty sure
which feature of a membrane describes wether molecules can cross the membrane
Answer:
Permeability
Explanation:
Membranes are semi-permeable that only certain things can come cross on its own. This feature of permeability describes whether molecules can cross the membrane
Calculate the efficiency of glycolysis if 12 kcal of energy are required to transfer energy from glucose to ATP.
Explain please
Answer:
The ATP has a full meaning . If you get to know the full meaning you will understand it
Which describes a eukaryotic cell, but not a prokaryotic cell? a. uses DNA to control cell activities b. is surrounded by a cell membrane c. makes and uses proteins d. contains DNA in a nucleus
Answer: Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and have a “true” nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped chromosomes. The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes.
So..the answer should be D. Eukaryotic cells have a true membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotes do not
All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles.
So..it can't be C. or A. or even B.
Correct me if I'm wrong.
After a polypeptide chain has been synthesized, certain amino acids in the peptide may become modified. For each modified amino acid, identify the standard amino acid from which it is derived. Enter the unabbreviated name of the standard amino acid.
Answer:
Lysine
Explanation:
Lysine is a unabbreviated name of amino acid. It is used in biosynthesis of proteins. It contains [tex]\alpha[/tex]-amino group and [tex]\alpha[/tex]-carboxylic acid group which has formula is C6H14N2O2. Lysine is also considered as building block of amino acid. It is used for treating cold sores and can be applied directly to the skin.
what stage in the cell cycle does the dna replicate and cell grows?
Answer:
Interphase
Explanation:
Interphase is made of G1, S and G2 phases. In G1, cells basically fuel up on necessary nutrient and see if nutrients are available to sustain a dna replication. Then in S phase, DNA replicates. Then in G2, cell checks if there's any error in replication, if none detected some more nutrient checks are performed and then cell proceeds to mitosis.
Your mother points out to you a magazine article that says better nutrition is the reason modern Americans are taller than Americans of two centuries ago. What is a valid statement that would contradict this?
Answer:
This is true, because the advent of genetic engineering and different nutritional researches have greatly enhanced the Nutritional values in foods, with resultant increases in the growth and development of cells and tissues from increase growth hormones metabolism. However, reduction in the outbreak of disease, due to advancement in medical research and drug manufacturing are another factors which may contribute to this
Explanation:
Which type of stem cell is described below?
stem cells are available from a variety of sources, including blood from an umbilical cord, or cells in the
placenta, the bone marrow, and even human fat.
Answer:
Multipotent Stem Cells
Explanation
these are stem cells that can differentiate to multiple but limited cells / tissues
n
In order to extend the civil rights of slaves after the Civil War, the United States
banned slavery with the Fourteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Thir
banned slavery with the Fifteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Thirtee
banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourt
banned slavery with the Fourteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fiftes
Answer:
C. banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment.
Explanation:
e2021
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, promised “equal protection of the laws” to all citizens, including former slaves, and extended citizenship to anybody born or naturalized in the country. Thus, option C is correct.
What is the civil war?War between established parties within the same state is known as an intrastate conflict or civil war (or country).
One side's objective may be to seize power in the nation or a specific area, secure regional independence, or alter governmental practices.
One of their allegations was that the Farm was operated in violation of the 13th Amendment, which forbids “slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime,” since it amounted to slavery.
Therefore, banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment.
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One of the three amendments to abolish slavery that were approved during the Reconstruction era.
Please help me!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
A. making new molecules for growth
Explanation:
Why are fats considered as high energy compounds?
What is the function of mRNA?
What is the general formula for amino acids?
Answer:
1. Fats contain mostly C-H bonds, it has less oxygen therefore making it a high energy compound
2. mRNA plays a vital role in protein synthesis. It's a single stranded RNA molecule that contains genetic information that can be taken outside the nucleus (unlike DNA which cannot leave the nucleus). Its created during transcrption, and is used during translation to create proteins
3. (Look at image)
1. The organic molecules that contain esters of fatty acids and a mixture of compounds are called fats. They provide energy to the body for functioning. They provide slow energy but the most efficient energy.
The amount of calories supplied by fats is twice as compared to carbohydrates and proteins. The excess of fats is stored in the body for future purposes.
2. mRNA is a type of RNA and plays a vital role in the process of translation. It is a single-stranded molecule that contains genetic information transcripted from DNA and is transported out from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
The main function of mRNA is in protein synthesis. It helps in the formation of amino acid sequence that undergoes modification to form proteins.
3. The general formula of amino acid is [tex]\rm R-CH(NH_{2})-COOH[/tex].
The side chains of different amino acids vary accordingly. The structure consists of a carboxylic group along with an amino group and an organic side chain.
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What does lung hyperinflation stimulate (write on both lines)
Answer:
What does lung hyperinflation stimulate? ... Dust, smoke, and noxious fumes will stimulate receptors in airways.
Explanation:
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The color varieties of sunflower pollen are determined by two interacting loci: A_B_ gives orange pollen, aaB_ gives yellow, and _ _bb produces cream colored. Assume that two fully heterozygous plants are crossed. Give the phenotypes (with frequencies) of the offspring. What type of gene interaction would account for these results?
Answer:
This is an illustration of epistasis type of gene interaction.
Explanation:
On crossing AaBb * AaBb, the offspring produced are mentioned in the Punnett square given in the attachment below. Based on the Punnett square, the phenotypic ratio will be 9 (orange): 4 (cream) : 3 (yellow).
The given case is an illustration of the epistasis kind of gene interaction. When two or more distinct gene loci take part in the formation of similar phenotype, however, not additively is termed as epistasis, that is, it is the non-allelic association between the alleles situated at a distinct gene locus. In the phenomenon of epistasis, one of the gene loci modifies or masks the phenotype of a second gene locus.
The antibiotics tetracycline and erythromycin inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, but have no effect on proteins encoded by eukaryotic, nuclear genes. Conversely, the antibiotic cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis of nuclear genes, but has no effect on protein synthesis in bacteria.
Select the statement that best describes the effect of a particular antibiotic on protein synthesis.
a. It cannot be determined because two of these antibiotics affect bacteria, and cells with mitochondria are eukaryotic.
b. Tetracycline treatment would inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis, but not protein synthesis of nuclear genes.
c. Erythromycin treatment would inhibit protein synthesis from nuclear genes, but not from mitochondrial genes.
d. Cycloheximide treatment would inhibit expression of mitochondrial genes, but not expression of nuclear genes.
e. Tetracycline treatment would inhibit translation of nuclear genes, but not translation of mitochondrial genes.
Answer:
I think it might be A
what is the job of the stomach, large intenstine, small intestine 60 points!!
Answer:
Stomach - The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes.
Large Intestine - The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, and produces and absorbs vitamins. It forms and propells feces toward the rectum for elimination.
Small Intestine - The small intestine breaks down food coming from the stomach and absorbs the nutrients from the food.